不同生物有机复合肥施肥量对半干旱区马铃薯水分利用、产量及经济收益的影响

Effects of Different Biological-organic Synthetic Fertilizer Application Rates on Water Use Efficiency,Yield,and Economic Benefits of Potato in Semi-arid Area

生物有机复合肥是解决马铃薯连作障碍、提高产量品质和保护农田环境的有效措施。半干旱区大田条件下,以传统肥料为对照,于2015和2016年研究不同生物有机复合肥施肥量对半干旱区马铃薯水分利用、产量及经济收益的影响。结果表明,与常规肥料相比,2015~2016年当亚环生物多元有机复合肥施肥量达到1 800 kg/hm^2时,马铃薯总耗水量略有下降,但促进了花后耗水,导致花期地上地下生物量提高,使收获期单株结薯数和大中薯率显著增加,产量分别达到29 244和24 684 kg/hm^2,分别较对照增产1 775和6 115 kg/hm^2,水分利用效率提高8.6和20.2 kg/hm^2·mm,增收1 468和7 978元/hm^2。因此,在半干旱区的亚环生物多元有机复合肥施肥量为1 800 kg/hm^2,能够显著提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率,并获得最高的经济收益,为该区域的适宜施肥量。

The application of biological organic synthetic fertilizer is an efficient method to solve the continuous cropping inhibition, improve yield and quality of potato and protect farmland environments. Compared with traditional fertilizer application, the effects of different biological organic synthetic fertilizer application rates on water use efficiency(WUE), yield and economic benefits of potato were studied under field conditions from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that when the application rate of Yahuan biological organic synthetic fertilizer reached to 1 800 kg/ha, the total evapotranspiration of potato decreased slightly, but the evapotranspiration after flowering was promoted, resulting in the increasing in biomass, tuber number and percentage of large-and medium-sized potato in both 2015 and 2016, compared with traditional fertilizer application. The yield reached to 29 244 and 24 684 kg/ha, increased by 1 775 and 6 115 kg/ha,respectively. Also, when the biological organic synthetic fertilizer was applied at the rate of 1 800 kg/ha, WUE was increased by 8.6 and 20.2 kg/ha · mm, and the economic benefit was increased by 1 468 and 7 978 Yuan/ha in 2015 and2016, respectively, compared with traditional fertilizer application. So the suitable application rate of Yahuan biological organic synthetic fertilizer is 1 800 kg/ha in semi-arid area. At this application rate, yield, WUE and economic benefit of potato could be increased significantly.