无人机助力铁路施工期环境监理的研究

The Study of UAS Technology for Environment Supervision in Railway Construction

在湖北某在建铁路的环境监理工作中,采用无人机遥感监测的图视频和摄影测量技术,围绕识别工程的影响面积、体积、环水保措施充分性等内容,制订了完整的技术方案,包括无人机选型、飞行航线规划、地面分辨率设定等,并进行了实践。利用外业采集的矢量影像,通过PIX4D软件处理成为全数字三维模型,利用ARCGIS软件测量、归类,平面精度达到厘米级别。进一步对有关数据分析、提炼,从而将监理工作中原先以定性监督为主的方法提升到定量化水平,提高了工作质量和效率。提出今后应在无人机合法飞行、监理方案、数据库开发等方面继续深化相关研究和应用。

A railway being built in Hubei was taken as the study subject, the digital photographs obtained through remote sensing by UAS and the techniques of photogrammetry were used in the research. Comprehensive plans for the drone types, the flight route planning, and the ground resolution were planned in order to identify the impact acreage, the impact volume, and the sufficiency of the environmental protection and water-soil conser-vation in the project. The plans were then put to practice. The photographs obtained through fieldwork were pro-cessed by PIX4D and became all-digital 3-dimensional models. They were then measured and classified through ARCGIS, with the plane accuracy reaching to 10 cm-level. Through further analysis and extraction of the rele-vant data, the supervision that used to be quality-focused is now promoted to a quantitative level, and the work-ing efficiency is also improved. The achievement has been acknowledged by the parties of both construction and environmental management. Future research in UAS-assisted supervision will focus on the legality of drone fly-ing ,the design of supervision plans, and the development of database.