冰区航行船舶冰阻力研究方法综述

A review of ice resistance research methods for ice-going ships

船舶在冰区航行时的冰阻力性能一直是国内外关注和研究的重点。冰阻力的研究主要集中在经验方法、数值模拟和实验研究三个方面。同时,由于冰区船舶在航行过程中频繁地与冰层或浮冰产生碰撞,海冰的材料结构和力学性质对冰阻力的研究有重要影响。文章从冰的物理力学特性出发,简要回顾几种重要的冰本构关系模型及其适用性;并从经验方法及试验与数值模拟相结合两个角度,回顾和讨论浮冰区和平整冰区中船舶的冰阻力性能研究进展;最后,基于研究现状提出尚需进一步解决的问题。文章旨在介绍冰区船舶冰阻力性能的研究进展,望能为后续冰阻力研究提供参考。

The study on the ice resistance of ships for navigating in ice is a hot topic. Empirical approach, numerical simulation and model test are the main ways to study ice resistance. Meanwhile, due to the fre-quent interaction between ice and ship, sea ice physics and mechanical properties have a significant effect on ice resistance. This paper, which is based on the ice physical and mechanical properties, gives a sum-mary about ice constitutive models. And, from the perspective of analytical approach and tests combined numerical simulation, ice resistance research methods in level ice and brash ice field are concluded and discussed. Finally, based on the research status, the problems needed to be studied further are put forward.