2006—2015年武汉市风疹疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of rubella epidemic in Wuhan City(2006-2015)

目的了解2006—2015年武汉市风疹疫情的流行病学特征,为制定风疹免疫预防策略提供参考。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2006—2015年武汉市风疹个案病例疫情信息,采用描述流行病学方法分析风疹的流行病学特征。结果2006—2015年累计报告风疹5 353例,2006—2008年报告发病率逐年上升,2009—2015年发病逐年下降,发病高峰为3~7月,发病前3位的地区为青山区、洪山区、武昌区。病例中男性多于女性(χ~2=156.40,P<0.05),以学生为风疹的高发人群,发病年龄以10~19岁人群最多,占发病总数的69.33%。风疹病例中有风疹免疫史的占0.43%,武汉市适龄儿童含风疹成分疫苗接种剂次数逐年上升。结论 2006—2015年武汉市风疹报告发病呈波动下降趋势,但存在发病年龄后移现象,应做好适龄儿童2剂次含风疹成分疫苗的常规免疫外,尽快制定15岁以上人群的免疫预防策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella epidemic in Wuhan City,so as to provide reference for rubella immune prevention strategies. Methods Information of rubella cases in Wuhan from 2006 to 2015 was collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella. Results 5 353 rubella cases were reported from 2006 to 2015,the reported rubella incidence increased during the period from 2006 to 2008,and then decreased year by year from 2009 to 2015. The incidence peak was from March to July each year. The top three districts of rubella cases were Qingshan,Hongshan and Wuchang. Male cases were more than female cases（ χ~2= 156. 40,P〈0. 05）,and students were high-risk groups. Rubella mainly occurred among people aged 10 ~ 19 years old,accounted for 69. 33% of the total cases. 0. 43% of all cases had a history of rubella immunization. The number of rubellacontaining vaccination among school-age children increased year by year. Conclusion The reported incidence of rubella decreased generally from 2006 to 2015 in Wuhan,but the age of onset moved to older-age-group. Therefore,besides strengthening the routine immunization of 2 agent rubella-containing vaccine for school-age children,the immune prevention strategy for the groups of 15 years old and above should be established as soon as possible.