天津市职业性噪声暴露人群健康状况及其影响因素

Health status and its influence factors of the workers exposed to occupational noise in Tianjin City

目的了解天津市职业性噪声暴露人群健康状况,分析其影响因素,为指导和实施干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用χ~2检验和Logistic回归分析对天津市11 643名职业性噪声暴露人群健康资料及所在288家企业工作场所噪声监测数据进行分析。结果天津市职业性噪声暴露人群高频听力损失检出率33.81%,高血压检出率19.81%,心电图异常检出率12.11%,男性高频听力损失明显高于女性。高噪声暴露组工人高频听力损失检出率、女性工人心电图异常率均高于低暴露组(P<0.05);随噪声接触工龄延长,高频听力损失检出率增加(P<0.05).Logistic回归结果表明,年龄增加、工龄延长和高噪声暴露均为高频听力损失的独立危险因素(OR>1.00,P<0.05);高噪声暴露情况下作业工人高频听力损失率增加42.00%(男性)和29.00%(女性),工龄每增加5年作业工人听力损失率增加23.00%(男性)和147.00%(女)。此外,高噪声暴露可增加男性高血压和女性心电图异常的发病风险(OR>1.00,P<0.05)。结论天津市职业性噪声暴露人群高频听力损失较为严重,高噪声暴露是高频听力损失、男性高血压发病和女性心电图异常的危险因素,应当引起重视,采取积极措施,预防疾病的发生。

Objective To understand the health status and its influence factors of noise-exposed workers,in order to provide scientific basis for guiding and implementing interventions. Methods Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the health status and workplace noise monitoring data of 11 643 noise-exposed workers from 288 enterprises in Tianjin. Results The detection rate of high frequency hearing loss,hypertension,and ECG abnormality were 19. 8%,33. 8%,and 12. 1%,respectively,in noiseexposed workers in Tianjin. Male hearing loss was significantly higher than that of female. The detection rate of high frequency hearing loss and the abnormal rate of female workers in high noise exposure group were higher than those in low exposure group（ P〈0. 05）; The frequency of hearing loss increased with the increase of noise exposure（ P〈0. 05）. Results logistic regression showed that age,length of service and high noise exposure were independent risk factors for high frequency hearing loss（ OR 1,P〈0. 05）; high frequency hearing loss rate of workers exposed to high noise exposure increased by 42%（ male） and 29%（ female）,the rate of hearing loss increased by 23%（ male） and 147%（ female） for every additional 5 years of service length.In addition,high noise exposure could increase the risk of hypertension in males and ECGabnormality in females（ OR 1,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The high frequency hearing loss of noise-exposed workers was rather serious in Tianjin. High noise exposure was a risk factor for the high frequency hearing loss,hypertension in males and ECG abnormality in females,therefore attention should be paid,and positive measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of disease.