陕西省农村学龄前留守儿童饮食行为特征及影响因素

Eating behaviors and influence factors of preschool children in Shaanxi Province

目的调查陕西省农村地区学龄前儿童不健康饮食行为特征,并分析影响因素,为培养学龄前留守儿童良好的进食习惯、提高营养状况和生存质量提供依据。方法利用"学龄前儿童饮食行为量表",选取陕西省3区县6所农村托幼机构512名学龄前儿童作为研究对象,并利用多因素logistics回归分析影响因素。结果学龄前留守儿童最常见的不健康饮食行为是主动进食能力、挑食、过饱响应以及外因性进食等。经多因素logistics回归分析可知,年龄(OR=0.69)、是否独生子女(OR=0.65)、家庭人均年收入(OR=0.64)、家庭人口数(OR=1.9)是影响儿童饮食行为的主要因素。结论农村学龄前留守儿童年龄越大、非独生子女、家庭人均年收入越高、家庭人口数越少儿童饮食行为表现越好。因此在学龄前留守儿童喂养的过程中,要将重点放在年龄较小的学龄前儿童和独生子女,家庭应该建立统一、科学的抚养观念,在提供良好抚养条件的同时,避免对儿童的溺爱,减少儿童挑食、过饱响应以及外因性进食,培养儿童自主进食能力。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of unhealthy eating behavior of preschool children and analyze their influence factors in rural areas of Shaanxi Province,and provide the basis for cultivating good eating habits of preschool children,and improve their nutritional status and quality of life. Methods 512 preschool children from 6 rural nursery institutions in 3 districts and counties of Shaanxi Province were selected,＂Eating behavior scale for preschool children＂was applied,multi-factor logistic regression was used to analyze the influence factors. Results Most unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children were： active eating ability,picky eaters,over-eating response and external-factor eating etc. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,age（ OR =0. 69）,whether being the only child（ OR = 0. 65）,family income per capita（ OR = 0. 64）,number of family number（ OR = 1. 91）were the main factors affecting children ＇s eating behavior. Conclusion Among the rural pre-school children,the older the children,the non-only child,the higher the family income per capita,the less the number of the family member,all the above factors would make the eating behaviors better. Therefore,in the course of feeding for left-over preschool children,priority should be put on the younger preschool children and the only-child group. Unified and scientific conception should be set up,when providing good raising conditions,spoiling of the children should be avoided,picky habit,over-eating response and external-factor eating should be avoided,and children＇s ability of independent eating should be cultivated.