2013年重庆市土源性线虫病监测结果分析

Epidemiological analysis of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Chongqing in 2013

目的掌握重庆市人群土源性线虫病流行特点,为防治土源性线虫病提供科学依据。方法 2013年选择梁平县、南川区、永川区、长寿区等4个区县作为监测点,对每个监测点1 000人以上的常住居民采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测土源性线虫虫卵,同时对3~12岁儿童用透明胶纸肛拭法定性检查蛲虫卵。在每个监测点采集菜园、厕所周边、庭院、厨房四类地点的土样,用饱和硝酸钠溶液离心漂浮法镜检蛔虫卵。结果 4个监测点共调查4 275人,土源性线虫病总感染率为6.85%,蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为2.46%、4.02%、0.05%,3~12岁儿童蛲虫感染率为3.38%。不同虫种间(χ~2=161.21,P<0.01)、监测点间(χ~2=139.13,P<0.01)、不同文化程度间(χ~2=21.25,P<0.01)比较,土源性线虫感染率差异均有统计学意义;随着文化程度的提高,人群总体感染率(χ_(趋势)~2=16.30,P<0.01)、钩虫(χ_(趋势)~2=11.82,P<0.01)感染率呈下降趋势;不同职业比较,钩虫感染率(χ~2=10.31,P<0.01)差异有统计学意义。菜园、厕所、庭院、厨房环境土壤蛔虫卵的检出率分别为20.00%、15.00%、12.50%、12.50%。结论重庆市监测点人群土源性线虫病感染率较低,但不同地区、人群感染率存在差异,环境土壤蛔虫卵的检出率较高。

Objective To understand the epidemiologieal characteristics of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Chongqing, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of soil-transmitted nematode in- fection. Methods Fecal samples were collected from residents in Liangping county and Nanchuan, Yong chuan, Changshou districts of Chongqing for the detection of soil nematodes eggs using modified kato thick smear method. Enterobius vermicularis eggs were examined using adhesive cellophane anal swab method among children aged 3-12 years. Soil samples were also collected from vegetable greenhouses, around toilets, gardens and cookhouses, Roundworm eggs were examined by using saturated sodium nitrate floating method. Results A total of 4 275 residents were surveyed. The overall infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was 6.85 %. The infection rate was 2.46 % for ascaris, 4.02 % for hookworms, and 0.05 G for trichuris. The infection rate of pinworm was 3.38% in children. There were significant differences of soil-transmitted nematode infection rates among residents from different communities and with different education background as well as among different species of nematode （P〈0.01）. The overall infection rate of nematode and hookworms infection rate were significantly lower among residents with higher education. The infection rate of hookworm varied significantly among residents with different occupations （x^2 = 10.31, P〈0.01）. The egg detection rates of ascaris were 20.00%, 15.00%, 12.50%, and 12.50% in soil samples collected from vegetable greenhouses, toilets, garden and around cookhouse. Conclusions The overall infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode is relatively low, but varies significantly among residents in different communities and with different education in Chongqing. The contamination rate of ascaris eggs in soil is still high.