宁夏霜现象的判别指标研究

Study on discriminating index of frost phenomenon in Ningxia

根据霜天气现象形成的主要气象条件,选取气温、相对湿度、地面温度作为主要因子,利用宁夏地区比较有代表性的银川、石嘴山、青铜峡、中卫、固原5个自动气象观测站,2014—2015年的每日逐时自动观测资料及人工记录的天气现象进行统计分析。通过初选指标的统计分析,发现南部山区拟合率低于60%,结合典型个例分析,加入降水、风等影响因子进行综合统计分析,发现各地区拟合率均有明显提高,5个地区的平均拟合率为83%。最终凝练出较能代表宁夏地区出现霜天气现象的判别指标,为预报业务人员判别霜天气现象提供了一定的参考,同时对加快实现宁夏天气现象自动化观测具有重要的现实意义。

According to the main effects of frost formation, weather conditions, air temperature, relative humidity and ground temperature are taken as considerations in this paper. Daily automatic observations and manual weather phenomena data of five typical meteorological stations（Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Qingtongxia, Zhongwei and Guyuan） from 2014 to 2015 are used for statistical analysis. Through statistical analysis of primary indicators, the result shows that the fitting rate of the southern mountains areas is less than 60%. Combined with typical case analysis, the precipitation, wind and other influencing factors, it is found that the fitting rate is increased in other area. The average fitting rate of the five regions is83%. At last, the discrimination index of frost weather phenomenon in Ningxia is expressed, which can provide some reference for predicting the frost weather, and has important practical significance to accelerate the realization of automatic observation of Ningxia weather phenomena.