4种木材真菌对桉树采伐剩余物的降解试验

Decomposing Test on Several Fungi on Felled Wood of Native Tree Species in Guangxi on the Harvesting Residues of Eucalyptus

桉树人工林经过采伐后经常留下大量的剩余物,是森林生态系统中养分归还的主要途径,应该加速它们的分解和营养的归还,以维护林地的土壤肥力。为探讨真菌对桉树采伐剩余物的降解作用,本实验采用纯培养实验方法,从广西常见的几种乡土树种伐倒木上真菌子实体分离纯化获得4种真菌:交链孢属(Alternaria spp.)(Alt),木霉属(Trichodermaspp.)(Tri),镰刀菌属(Fusariumspp.)(Fus),茎点霉属(Phomaspp.)(Pho),以空白CK为对照,对桉树采伐后的去皮梢材和带皮粗枝进行实验室降解试验。试验结果表明:对桉树去皮梢材的降解中,交链孢属菌株Alt处理的重量损失百分率最大,达到48.30%,降解桉树梢材的效果最好;木霉属菌株Tri处理其次,5种处理的结果差异达到了极显著水平。对桉树带皮枝条的降解中,Alt菌株处理的重量损失百分率最大,达到45.74%;Pho菌株最差,但5种处理的结果差异没有达到显著水平。研究初步结论为,交链孢属菌株Alt处理对桉树去皮梢材和桉树带皮枝条的降解效果最好。

The eucalyptus plantation after cutting always leave a lot of leftovers,that is the main way that nutrient returned in forest ecosystem,it supposed to accelerate their degradation and nutrients return,in order to maintain the soil fertility of forest land.To study the degradation effect of fungi on eucalyptus felling,the experiment adopts pure culture method,four different fungi were separated and purified from fruiting body on several felled trees which were common species in Guangxi province：Alternariaspp.（Alt）,Trichodermaspp.（Tri）,Fusariumspp.（Fus）,Phoma spp.（Pho）.Compared with blank CK,after the felling of eucalyptus,degradation test of peeled top-wood and unpeeled branch of eucalyptus in laboratory was performed.The experimental results showed that the degradation of eucalyptus peel tip,crosslinking spore belong to strain the Alt treatment weight loss percentage is the largest,reached48.30%,that is the best effect of degradation of eucalyptus trees material.Trichoderma viride belongs to the strains of Tri treatment second,five processing result difference reached significant level.In the degradation of eucalyptus branches with the skin,Alt strain processing weight loss percentage is the largest even up to 45.74%.The worst is Pho strains,but five differences did not reach significant level at all.The preliminary conclusion is that the most effective degradation level of peeled top-wood and unpeeled branch of eucalyptus is under the treatment of ALT.