生态修复工程条件下污染河流水质模拟和应用

Simulation and application of water quality model in a polluted river under eco-restoration engineering scheme

生态工程是改善河流水质的重要手段,利用数学模型可以有效模拟水环境治理和预测生态修复工程效益.本文根据实际河流资料,应用WASP水质模型进行建模和验证,模拟和评估了河流的主要化学参数,进而研究了人工湿地和曝气复氧对河流水质的生态改善作用.结果表明:WASP水质模拟结果与实测水质数据拟合良好,可以对不同生态修复情景方案进行预测分析.合理减排、人工湿地、曝气复氧均可以降低河流水体中的污染物浓度、有效改善水质.在人工湿地系统中增加曝气复氧装置,将进一步提升河流水体的生态修复效率.以吉林省伊通河曝气条件下的人工湿地工程为例,分析了其生态修复效率.结果表明:夏季的污染物去除效果最好,可能的原因为夏季气温较高,水体中的微生物活性较强.本研究对于污染河流环境的生态修复工程设计和运行具有指导意义.

Ecological engineering is an important approach for fiver quality restoration; whilst mathematical models can effectively simulate the water treatment and eco-restoration efficiency. Ac- cording to the actual data, a hydrological model was constructed and verified via application of the WASP water quality model, which was then used for simulation and evaluation of the fiver＇ s main chemical parameters. It was also employed to study the ecological effect on river water quality im- provement by constructed wetlands and aerated re-oxygenation. The results showed that the WASP water quality simulation was in good agreement with the water quality measurement, and different ecological restoration scenarios could be predicted and analyzed. Reasonable emission reduction, constructed wetlands and aerated re-oxygenation could reduce the pollutant concentration in the fiver water, and effectively improve the water quality. Incorporation of the aerated re-oxygenation device into the constructed wetland system would further enhance the river water ecological restoration effi- ciency. Taking the constructed wetland project with aeration of Yitong River in Jilin Province as an example, the ecological restoration efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that the removal effect of pollutants was the best in summer, and the possible reason was that the air temperature was higher in summer leading to stronger microbial activity in water. This study was of significance to the design and operation of ecological restoration engineering for the polluted river environment.