论合作治理中行动者的非主体化

The Non-subjective Tendency of the Actors in Cooperative Governance

在近代以来的哲学社会科学中,"主体"是一个频繁见诸于各类文献的重要概念,它代表了近代科学所拥有的一种思维方式,也是在社会发展的历史进程中产生的一项科学成果。从人的解放到主体的发现,既是思想进步也是社会进步的标志。但是,随着全球化、后工业化这项历史运动的启动,"主体"的概念却构成了一种思维桎梏,不仅陷入了理论上的悖论之中,而且将实践导入了某种困境。从认识论和道德实践论的角度看,将人定义为主体都仅仅满足了工业社会这一特定历史阶段科学认识和社会建构的需要。在全球化、后工业化进程中,特别是在合作治理以及合作行动中,我们都需要用"行动者"的概念来重新定义人,进而扬弃主体的观念。

In modern philosophy and social science, ‘subject' is an important concept frequently seen in various types of literature. It represents a kind of thinking mode in modern science and also a scientific achievement in the historical process of social development. The liberation of human and the discovery of subject mark the ideological progress as well as social progress. However, with the start of the historical movements of globalization and post-industrialization, the concept of ‘subject' constitutes a kind of thinking shackles. As a result, it conduces to the paradox of theory and even leads the practice into some dilemma. From the perspective of epistemology and moral practice, the definition of human as the main subject only meets the needs of scientific understanding and social construction in the specific historical stage of industrial society, i.e. globalization and post-industrialization. Especially in cooperative governance and cooperation action, we need to use the concept ‘actor' to redefine human, and then discard the concept of the subject.