《中国小说史略》有关古代小说仿拟现象的小说史叙述

On the Narration of Ancient Stories and Imitation Phenomenon by Lu Xun's ‘A Brief History of China's Ancient Stories'

受近代人性解放与"文学即人学"启发,鲁迅《中国小说史略》以宋元拟话本、"明之拟宋市人小说"及"清之拟晋唐小说"为例,专论古代小说仿拟现象,从仿拟作品的精神和形式两方面说明文人有意为之的仿拟对古代小说演进的重要性。这与阿尼克·布亚盖等所言"风格仿作、体裁仿作"的互文性理论殊途同归。然与后世治小说史者借用互文性理论研究古代小说演变时重形式轻内容相比,鲁迅因采用提出问题假设并加以论证的方式,更看重仿拟作品的精神对小说史演进的重要性。这导致《史略》进行仿拟作品的小说史叙述时服从于小说史的体例与目的意图,而非如实客观地描述仿拟现象。从古代小说仿拟现象切入探讨古代小说发展的雅俗交融情形与小说史的演进历程,可以发现文人的仿拟加速了古代小说演进的雅化,而古代小说雅化历程的完成预示着古代小说的演进将由盛转衰。这些应当成为治小说史者今后研究的重要方向。

The reason of Lu Xun devoted to the ‘imitation' phenomenon about the ancient stories had an important relationship with the thought of human liberation and ‘Literature describing human nature' at that time. This approach was mainly prominent the writers interested in writing and had a great influence on the evolution history of ancient Chinese stories. So, he valued spirit simulation more important than form simulation. This approach led to some problems of his conclusions. It should be noted that, the scholars involved in had promoted the elegance of ancient Chinese stories, but also accelerated their demise.