河流旅游:缘起、内涵及其研究体系——一个本体论的诠释

River Tourism:Origin,Connotation and Research System:An Ontological Interpretation

从旅游及地域系统复杂性的角度探讨河流旅游的概念及其内涵。首先从厘清缘起出发,分析其中的3个传统——审美与寄情的传统、人文主义与后工业化的传统,以及朝觐的传统——及其对当今研究的意义。从本体论的角度,按照旅游主体对河流本体的利用形式及程度,构建了从完全亲近、部分亲近、部分疏离、到完全疏离4个维度的连续概念;从河流客体本身所受的人工干预程度,亦构建起从无干预、弱干预、强干预到完全干预4个维度的连续概念,在此基础上将二者叠合,诠释河流旅游内涵。在此概念体系中,提出在后现代/后工业化的语境下,建立基于主观体验和地域系统耦合的研究体系,旨在探寻基于不同体验类型的河流旅游主体参与方式、分析河流旅游地系统发展演化的"过程-结构-机制"、关注游憩娱乐功能主导下河流利用方式转变及其影响、关注游憩活动在流域综合发展中的地位,并结合系统研究与传统区域研究明确方法论与技术手段。

This article sets up the concept and connotation of river tourism from the perspective of the complexity of tourism and regional system. It analyzed three tradition, including aesthetic and gardening tradition, humanism and post industrialization tradition and pilgrimage tradition, and it also researched the significance to the present study of three tradition on the basis of clarifying the tradition of its origin. In fact, these tradition has not been lost in the concept of modern tourism and the health and entertainment function of the river is more and more important, and the river itself is endowed with great religious significance under the cultural background of the river basin as the source of civilization. The most important thing of this article is to come up with two conceptual systems, and the first continuous concepts from four dimensions are constructed according to the form degree of the use of the main body of the river from the perspective of ontology, including completely close, partial close, partial alienation and complete alienation on the basis of the main factors and their interactions of river tourism usage, and the second constituted continuity concepts of four dimensions include non-intervention（natural rivers）, weak intervention, strong intervention and totally intervention（artificial river） from the degree of artificial intervention to the object of the river. As a result, it built the main conceptual system of river tourism. The connotation of river tourism can be explained deeply when the two conceptual systems are folded. In essence, river tourism is the same as other forms of tourism activities, which can be regarded as the interaction and co-construction process of tourism subject and tourist object（river tourism land） in a certain time and space. Then the article found that in the context of postmodern or post industrialization, the construction of river research system should be based on the subjective experience and the regional system, and this result should be in the conceptual system which the research sets up. The purpose of the article is to explore the way of participating in the river tourism based on different experience types, to analyze ＂process-structure-mechanism＂ of development evolution of river tourism system, to pay close attention to the transformation and influence of river utilization mode under the dominance of recreation and entertainment functions, and to focus on the status of recreational activities in the integrated development of the river basin.Also this research content system combing with traditional regional research can be used to clarify methodology and technical means deeply.