日本养老金与老年人就业的衔接:走向多元化的弹性退休制社会

The Connect between Pensions and Elderly Employment in Japan:Going into the Diversified Flexible Retirement Society

老龄问题是21世纪很多国家都无法回避的一个重大问题,人口年龄结构的转变对劳动力供给、政府财政运营等众多领域产生了影响。在此背景下,各国政府进行了相应改革,其中,日本开展了延迟厚生养老金支付年龄与《老年人雇佣安定法》的配套改革。厚生养老金制度隶属于社会保障体系,而《老年人雇佣安定法》则隶属于劳动法体系。表面看来,两个制度互不相干,但实际上日本政府巧妙地将两个制度的改革相互衔接,稳健地推迟了老年人退休年龄,走向弹性退休制社会。此举使得日本老年人可以逐渐根据自身需求进行选择,实现"老有所养、老有所为、老有所乐"。

The problem of aging is an important problem which cannot be avoided by many countries in the twenty-first century. The change of population structure has a great influence on many fields, such as labor supply, government financial operation and so on. Under this background, the governments do the corresponding reform, of which Japan launched a delayed pension payment age and employment stability law reform. Pension reform belongs to the social security system and employment stability law belongs to the labor law system.It seems that they are two separate systems, but in fact the Japanese government connects two system reforms, robust topostpone retirement elderly robustly and built a flexible retirement system to society. This makes the Japanese elderly people can gradually choices for life,＂Bettercared＂ society has been built.