马铃薯收获与清选分级机械化伤薯因素分析

Analysis of Potato Mechanical Damage in Harvesting and Cleaning and Sorting Storage

针对马铃薯收获与清选分级入库机械化过程中伤薯问题,对机械工作部件、农田土壤条件、薯农种植习惯等多种伤薯因素进行了总结与分析,指出了需要解决的问题,认为应尝试将新型防损材料、高频低幅振动分离等技术应用于马铃薯收获装备,探讨切土、压土理论,优化与增设马铃薯收获机械减损机构,并结合弹塑性理论和接触力学模型等来分析收获过程中的马铃薯力学特性,对于研制与改进马铃薯收获、清选分级及入库装备具有重要的意义。在此基础上,提出了进一步增强各生产环节损伤模拟与检测的可控性等建议和措施,以期实现马铃薯机械化生产中破皮与机械损伤的综合控制,进而为实现高效低损收获、精细化清选分级提供有用参考。

Aiming at solving the problems of potato damage during the mechanization of harvesting,cleaning,sorting storage,and grading,this article summarized and analyzed the multiple injury factors,such as mechanical working parts,farmland soil conditions,potato planting habits,etc. and pointed out problems needed to be solved. The paper thought some new anti-damage material and high frequency low amplitude vibration separation technology should be used in potato harvesting. The paper also discussed the theory of soil cutting and pressing,optimized and added the device to reduce the damage,and analyzed the mechanical properties of potato by combining the elastoplastic theory and contacting mechanics model. It was of important significance to develop and improve the warehousing equipment for potato harvesting,cleaning and grading. Based on these,the paper put forward suggestions and measures to further enhance the control ability of damage simulation and detection in various production processes,so as to realize the integrated control of broken peel in mechanization production and reduce mechanical damage. Thus,the paper provided useful reference for achieving low damage harvest and fine chemical cleaning and grading.