清人论赋家的修养与赋作的品格

How do Qing Critics Expound Fu-composers' Cultivations and the Quality of Their Compositions

清代赋论提出了赋家的道德、学问、艺术修养与赋品的关系问题。他们认为人品与赋品有时是统一的 ,有时是背反的 ,需要针对特定作家作品具体分析。强调“要作风雅之赋 ,先作风雅之人” ,“赋的根柢工夫 ,不在赋内而在赋外”。在艺术修养方面 ,提出了“清秀、洒脱、庄雅、古致”四种审美品格 ,对古文理论家姚鼐的“阳刚阴柔”之说 ,有所补充。研究清代人论“赋家的修养与赋作的品格”问题 ,不仅可以丰富我们对清代文学理论批评史的认识 ,而且对当代文艺学建设也有一定的启示意义。

Qing critics raise the issue of the relationship between moral and artistic cultivations as well as the scholarship of fu-composers, and the quality of their compositions. They argue that fu-composers' moral quality and the quality of their works sometimes agree with and sometimes go against each other, and specific works require specific analysis. They stress that 'one has to be an elegant person before he is to compose elegant fu,' and 'the fundamental art of fu lies outside rather than inside fu itself.' In regard to artistic cultivation, they advocate four aesthetic qualities, namely, 'delicate and beautiful, free and easy, dignified and graceful, quaint and unsophisticated.' The proposal is a supplement to the 'Masculine-Feminine Theory' by Yao Nai, a renowned theoretician in ancient Chinese prose-writing. This research will, hopefully, not only enrich our knowledge of the critical history of literary theories of the Qing Dynasty, but also offer a bit implications for the construction of modern literature and art.