中国现代诗学的理论贫困——从王国维《人间词话》及胡适《词选》谈起

Theoretical Anemia of Contemporary Chinese Poetry Study—— with Wang Guowei's Comments on Ci Poetry and Hu Shi's A Selection of Ci Poems as the starting point

百年来以王国维《人间词话》及胡适《词选》为开端的中国现代诗学 ,在理论建设方面没有取得应有的成就。其主要内因在于人文关怀与科学理性的双重失落及诗学界未能妥善处理两者间的矛盾。王国维、胡适以来的中国现代诗学对于广大民众的生存状态缺乏足够的人文关怀 ,导致诗学脱离了社会的主流生活而失去理论号召力量。科学理性的主要内容 ,是以归纳、演绎为主的形式逻辑和以假说为目标的思想实验。王、胡等人开创了重视归纳而忽视演绎的现代方法论传统 ,因而很少出现创造私人化诗学理论体系的尝试 ;他们都将个人诗学的核心概念视为“本原” ,并由于其在学术界的权威地位而成为“真理” ,从而成为诗学理论体系创造的又一个障碍。

Contemporary Chinese poetry study over the past century pioneered by Wang Guowei's Comments on Ci Poetry and Hu Shi's A Selection of Ci Poems has not accomplished what it is expected to in the way of theoretical construction. The chief internal cause lies in the double loss of both humanistic concern and scientific reason, and the inability of the poetry study circles to properly handle the contradiction between the two. Contemporary Chinese poetry study since the day of Wang and Hu has not shown adequate humanistic concern for the living state of the masses, the consequence of which is the divorce of poetry study from the main stream of social life, and thus loses its theoretical appeal. The essentials of scientific reason consist of formal logic with deduction and induction as its main components, and ideological experimentation with hypothesis as its goal. Wang, Hu, and others have started a tradition of modern methodology that emphasizes induction yet ignores deduction, therefore few others have attempted to bring up a personalized theoretical system of poetry study. They all consider the essential concept of their individual poetry study to be the real 'source,' and because of their authoritative status in the academic world, all make their particular concept the only 'truth,' which consequently becomes yet one more obstacle to the creation of theoretical system of poetry study.