巴林特小组对实习护士职业压力和职业枯竭的影响

Effect of Balint groups on occupational stress and job burnout among nurse interns

目的应用巴林特小组对医院实习护士群体进行心理干预,研究干预效果,改善该群体的职业压力,预防职业枯竭的产生。方法选取2016-02到2016-07首次参加临床实习同一批次护士60名,随机分为两组,分别为巴林特组和对照组,每组30名。两组均按医院临床实习计划进行见习和实习,参加医院统一的护士心理健康培训。巴林特组30名,随机分成3个小组,每组10名,每2周进行一次小组讨论。两组分别在研究的第0、3、6个月应用知觉压力量表(CPSS)和职业枯竭量表(MBI)进行评分,对结果进行统计学分析。结果研究初,巴林特组和对照组在CPSS和MBI评分均没有显著差异(23.28±5.16,24.33±4.91;P=0.441)。两组在第3个月(24.17±5.73,27.14±5.25)和第6个月(23.68±4.38,28.28±5.96)的CPSS评分中,巴林特组明显低于对照组(P=0.047,P=0.009)。MBI在第3个月的评分,在情绪衰竭维度,巴林特组明显低于对照组(21.83±7.43,26.24±6.89,P=0.042),在另外两个维度没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。在第6个月,巴林特组在情绪衰竭和去人性化维度评分明显低于对照组(P=0.000,P=0.001),在低成就感维度的评分明显高于对照组(P=0.001)。结论采用巴林特小组对实习护士群体进行精神动力干预可以缓解工作压力、预防职业枯竭的产生。

Objective To investigate the effect of Balint groups onoccupational stress and job burnout of nurse interns in order to relieve their pressure and prevent job burnout. Methods Sixty intern nurses of the same batch were enrolled in this study between February and June 2016 and randomly divided into two groups： the Balint group and the control group,with 30 nurses in each group.Both groups attended training sessions as scheduled in the Balint group. Thirty of these nurses were randomly and evenly assigned to three groups who met for a discussion biweekly. Chinese Perceived Stress Scale（ CPSS） and Maslach Burnout Inventory（ MBI） were used for each group at 0,3 and 6 months of the study. Results Scores on CPSS and MBI were not significantly different at 0 month between the two groups（ 23. 28 ± 5. 16,24. 33 ± 4. 91; P = 0. 441）. Scores on CPSS in the Balint group at 3 months（ 24. 17 ± 5. 73,27. 14 ± 5. 25） and 6 months（ 23. 68 ± 4. 38,28. 28 ± 5. 96） were significantly lower than those in the control group（ P = 0. 047,P =0. 009）,so were the scores on the emotion exhaustion dimension at 3 months（ 21. 83 ± 7. 43,26. 24 ± 6. 89,P = 0. 042） but there was little difference in the other two dimensions（ P〉0. 05）. At 6 months,scores on the emotion exhaustion dimension and depersonalization dimension in the Balint group were significantly lower than in the control group（ P = 0. 000,P = 0. 001）,but the scores on the ineffectiveness dimension were higher（ P = 0. 001）. Conclusions Balint groups can effectively prevent occupational stress and job burnout among nurse interns.