对天津港“8·12”特别重大火灾爆炸事故相关法规标准的思考

Thinking of relevant regulations and standards for Tianjin Port "8·12" special major fire explosion accident

硝化棉已分别列入危险化学品、易制爆危险化学品和第二批重点监管的危险化学品,硝酸铵也分别列入危险化学品、民用爆炸物品和首批重点监管的危险化学品,二者都是重点监管的对象,但二者相关事故还是时有发生。为了更全面和深刻理解天津港"8·12"特别重大火灾爆炸事故的发生,以危险化学品储存场所外部距离标准要求为切入点,分析了储存场所外部距离变化过程;介绍了初始起火物质硝化棉和导致事故后果严重扩大的硝酸铵2种危险化学品的国内监管分类和相关标准要求,并与事故调查报告中给出的结论进行了对比;针对本起火灾爆炸事故后果特点和非法储存危险物质罪罪行认定条件,剖析了现存的问题。分析结果旨在为政府有关部门及事故调查等工作提供参考。

In China,nitrocellulose has been listed in the dangerous chemicals,the dangerous chemicals liable to produce explosives and the 2nd batch of dangerous chemicals with key supervision respectively. At the same time,ammonium nitrate has been listed in the dangerous chemicals,civil explosives,and the 1st batch of dangerous chemicals with key supervision respectively. Both of them are the objects with key supervision,but the relevant accidents have still happened occasionally.In order to more comprehensively and profoundly understand the occurrence of the Tianjin Port ＂ 8 ·12 ＂ special major fire explosion accident,taking the requirements of external distance standard for the storage places of dangerous chemicals as the breakthrough point,the evolution process of external distance for the storage places was introduced. The domestic supervision classifications and the requirements of relevant standards for nitrocellulose as the initial ignition substance and ammonium nitrate as the material resulting in the serious enlargement of accident consequence were introduced and compared with the conclusions given in the accident investigation report. Aiming at the characteristics of this fire explosion accident consequence and the conviction conditions of illegal storing dangerous substances,the existing problems were analyzed. The results can provide reference for the relevant government departments and accident investigation in the future.