海昏侯汉墓“医工五禁汤”命名考辨

Textual criticism and discrimination on the naming of ＆quot;Five-abstention Soup of Medical Professional＆quot; from the Han-tomb of the Marquis of Haihun

海昏侯汉墓出土了带有“医工五禁汤”字样的漆器。“五禁”与秦汉时期盛行的咒禁疗法有关。“五禁”，指“五禁法”，是实施咒禁疗法过程中的5种仪式和方法，即“存思”“闭气”“捻目”“禹步”“咒祝”。“五禁法”通过媒介“汤”来达到治疗目的。“汤”既可以是“汤药”，也可以是“符水”。“医工五禁汤”漆器是实施“五禁法”过程中所使用的器具，反映了海昏候刘贺接受咒禁疗法的史实。

A lacquer vessel with the inscription of Yi gong wu fin tang （Five-abstention Soup of Medical Profession） has been unearthed from the Han-tomb of Marquis of Haihun, in which ＂Five abstentions＂ is related to the incantations and abstention therapies prevalent in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The ＂Five-abstention Law＂ is the five rituals and methods during the process of practicing incantations and ab- stentions therapies including ＂keeping one＇ s thinking （cun si） ＂, ＂holding the breath （ bi qi） ＂, ＂twirling eyes （nian mu）＂ , ＂stepping after Yu＇ s sample （yu bu）＂ and ＂incanting and blessing （zhou zhu）＂. The ＂Five-abstention Law＂ uses the medium ＂soup＂ to achieve the purpose of treatment. ＂Soup＂ refers either to ＂decoction＂ or to ＂magic water＂. The lacquer vessel with the inscription ＂Five-abstention Soup of Medical professional＂ could be an instrument for implementing the process of practising the ＂Five-abstention Law＂, reflecting the historical facts that Liu He, the Marquis Haihun did accept the incantations and abstention therapies.