甘肃甘南藏族自治州野生羊肚菌资源调查

Investigation on Resources of Morchellain Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province

羊肚菌[Morchella esculenta(L.)Pers.]在我国分布极其广泛,有关其种类分布、生态环境、资源调查与开发利用等方面均有研究报道。2013—2016年,采用区域调查和定点调查的研究方法,对甘肃甘南藏族自治州境内野生羊肚菌的种类、自然分布和生态环境等资源学方面进行了调查研究。调查结果显示:(1)该地区有7种野生羊肚菌,分别为羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)、粗柄羊肚菌(Morchella crassipes)、尖顶羊肚菌(Morchella conica)、黑脉羊肚菌(Morchella angusticeps)、小羊肚菌(Morchella deliciosa)、紫褐羊肚菌(Morchella purpurascens)和半开羊肚菌(Morchella semilibera),其中紫褐羊肚菌(Morchella purpurascens)和半开羊肚菌(Morchella semilibera)为甘肃省新纪录种。(2)该地区野生羊肚菌发生季节为每年的4—5月,春夏之交的雨后广泛生于桦、栎等阔叶林中及林缘空旷草丛中,并且每年的10—11月也偶有发生。(3)该地区野生羊肚菌大多发生在壤质潮土、粘质潮土和褐壤腐殖质较多的土壤中,土壤中富含微量元素镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼等。(4)该地区野生羊肚菌发生温度一般在4.4~16.8℃,相对湿度在75%左右,若阴、晴天交替和有足够的新鲜空气,则非常有利于羊肚菌子实体的生长。

Morchella was widely distributed in China,the researches on species distribution,ecological environment,resources investigation and development utilization of Morchella were reported by different experts.The species resources,natural distribution and ecological environment of Morchella from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province were preliminary investigated with the methods of regional investigation and fixed-point investigation from 2013 to 2016.The research results showed that：Firstly,in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province,there were seven kind species of Morchella,they were Morchella esculenta,Morchella crassipes,Morchella conica,Morchella angusticeps,Morchella deliciosa,Morchella purpurascens and Morchella semiliberarespectively.Among of these resources,Morchella purpurascens and Morchella semilibera were new record species in Gansu province.Secondly,the appearance of Morchella was usually from April to May in every year,they were widely spread at the edge of Birch,oak or tussock et al.after the rain of the turn between spring and summer,and occasionally appeared from October to November in every year.Thirdly,The growth of Morchella was mostly in loamy soil,clay soil and brown soil,which contained abundant trace elements,for example,iron,manganese,copper,zinc,boron and molybdenum et al..Finally,the optimum temperature of Morchella was commonly in 4.4-16.8℃,the optimum relative humidity of Morchella was around 75%.If cloudy and sunny was alternative,and added enough fresh air,these was very beneficial to the growth of Morchella body.