“工匠”与“设计师”概念之衍变

On the Concepts of ‘Artisan' and ‘Designer'

本文主要关注于"设计师"的概念问题,同时对"工匠"与"艺术家"的概念变化也展开了相关的讨论。由于"设计师"的称谓诞生于近现代时期,文中大部分的讨论自然也就集中于这一时期,但当中也对文艺复兴及更早之时的相关发展脉络作了检讨。在述及一些与"设计师"概念相联系的情况时,亦向设计教育的历史发展方面作了扩展。因为"设计师"的概念生成并非是某个名人的伟大创造,所以本文所论并未具体说明"工匠"与"设计师"概念之间的转换点所在。本文的结论认为"工匠"与"设计师"概念的变化具有相对性,虽然当前对设计师历史的研究依然较为薄弱,但对这些概念有了更深入的把握之后,将有利于增进对这方面的认识。

The paper concentrates mainly on the concept of Designer, although Artisan and Artist are also studied. As the concept er appeared in modern times, it is natural that a considerable part of the paper should be discussed this period, but the development of the concept from the time of Renaissance is examined fairly completely. In presenting the changes about the concepts some extensions are made on the history of design education, but I have tried to keep within the main themes on Designer. An attempt to say precisely which personages created the concept of Designer would be far beyond the scope of the present paper. The conclusions reached must be regarded as tentative, because the heart of the problem of study on the Designers＇ history is lack in today and little progress can be expected generally until it is better understood.