2006-2015年句容市麻疹流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jurong city,2006-2015

目的分析2006-2015年句容市麻疹流行病学特征,探讨麻疹发病规律及影响因素,为进一步控制麻疹疫情,制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统和相关传染病、计划免疫资料进行分析。结果 2006-2015年,句容市共报告麻疹517例,疫情总体呈先下降后回升的趋势,2011年无报告病例,2015年高发,并且发生了一起暴发疫情。发病高峰为2-5月;发病年龄呈"双向移位"趋势;发病人群以农民、散居儿童、工人为主;麻疹病例的男女性别比为0.87∶1,女性高于男性;流动人口(59.38%)病例构成比高于常住人口(40.62%);97.29%的病例无免疫史或免疫史不详;常住儿童与流动儿童平均接种率差异无统计学意义。2015年抗体水平监测显示,1~岁组抗体阳性率最高,为96.88%,<8月龄组阳性率最低,为0。结论应完善麻疹监测网络,做好麻疹相关免疫规划工作,同时适时开展儿童强化以及重点人群应急接种,从而控制麻疹疫情,阻断麻疹传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jurong from 2006 to 2015,discuss the occurrence regularity and influencing factors of measles ,and provide the basis for further control of measles epidemic and the formulation of measles elimination strategy. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted. The measles incidence data of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention , related infectious diseases and EPI materials were used for analysis. Results 517 cases of measles were reported in Jurong from 2006 to 2015. The epidemic showed a declining trend first and an incensement afterward. In 2011 no cases were reported. There was a high incidence in 2015 and an outbreak. The peak incidence of disease was from February to May;the age of onset showed a＇bidirectional shift＇trend. The incidence mainly occurred among farmers,scattered children and workers;the gender ratio of measles cases was 0.87：1,the incedent rate of women was higher than that of men;the cases in the floating population（59.38%） was higher than that of resident population（40.62%）;97.29% of the cases had no history of immunization or an uncertain history of immunization. There was no significant difference in the average inoculation rate between resident and migrant children. Antibody level monitored in 2015 showed that antibody positive rate was the highest in 1 year old age group （96.88%）,while that antibody positive rate was the lowest in 〈8 months old group（0）. Conclusion Improvement of the measles monitoring network , measles- related immunization program , supplementary immunization and emergency vaccination were needed to achieve the goal of blocking the spread of measles and controlling measles epidemic.