农村生活饮用水安全调查及安全策略

The survey and strategies on the safety of drinking water in rural areas

目的调查了解广东省和平县农村生活饮用水的安全现状,并探讨相应的安全策略。方法将和平县17个乡镇中随机抽样选取48个集中式的农村饮水安全工程作为监测点,于2016年枯水期和丰水期分别采集出厂水、末梢水进行水质常规检测,并对其水质检测结果进行分析。结果共采集192份水样本,饮用水合格率为58.85%,其中,出厂水样本合格率为71.88%,明显高于末梢水的45.83%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);丰水期水样本合格率为67.71%,明显高于枯水期的50.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。水质单项检测结果方面,共有24项检测指标的合格率达到100%,其余9项检测指标中,根据合格率从低至高依次排列为总大肠菌群、菌落总数、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌、硫酸盐、耗氧量、总硬度、溶解性总固体、硝酸盐。结论应加强对和平县农村生活饮用水的水质监测和水源安全维护工作,加强对饮用水的净化、消毒工作,尤其是在枯水期,以切实保障农村生活饮用水安全。

Objective Based on the investigation of the current situation and issues of the drinking water safety in Heping county , this study explored the relevant tactics. Methods 48 centralized rural drinking water safety projects were randomly selected from 17 villages and towns of Heping county as the monitoring sites. The qualities of first-yielded drinking water and ended drinking water samples collected from the low and high water storage period in 2016 were analyzed. Results Based on the collected 192 samples,the findings revealed that the rate of qualified water reached 58.85%;the rate of qualified first-yielded sample water was 71.88% which was far higher than 45.83% of the end pipe water samples;the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）.The qualified rate of the sample water from the source of high storage period was 67.71%,which distinctively out weighs the 50.00% of the low storage period;the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. For the individual test of water quality ,the pass rates of 24 indexes reached 100%,and for the other 9 indexes ,the pass rates of total coliform bacteria count ,total number of colonies ,heat-resistant coliform bacteria ,E.coli count ,sulfate ,oxygen consumption ,total hardness ,total soluble solid ,and nitrate were ranged from high to low. Conclusion The rural drinking water quality monitoring and water safety maintenance work should be strengthened ,especially the drinking water purification and disinfection in the dry season ,in order to guarantee the safety of rural drinking water.