新生儿重症监护病房患儿母乳喂养保持情况及影响因素研究

The current situation and influencing factors of breastfeeding in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）

目的 探讨新生儿重症监护病房母乳喂养保持情况及影响因素,并提出相应的干预措施,为提高患儿母乳喂养率提供依据.方法 采用自编调查问卷对255例在新生儿重症监护病房住院治疗患儿的父母进行问卷调查分析.结果 本组被试纯母乳喂养率为16.9%,混合喂养率为47.8%,完全人工喂养率为35.3%.纯母乳喂养组与非纯母乳喂养组的家庭收入、是否自然分娩、母亲睡眠时间、每次探视时间,有无母乳喂养经历及母亲情绪变化因素比较差异均有显著性统计学意义（P〈0.05或0.01）;家庭月收入≤2 000元,母亲睡眠时间为6 h-8 h是影响母乳喂养的主要因素;母乳喂养信息较多来源于长辈,喂养指导更多来源于母亲和婆婆.结论 新生儿重症监护病房母乳喂养率总体水平较低,影响因素众多,其中母亲的睡眠时间和家庭收入是影响母乳喂养的主要因素.医护人员要通过多种方式加强母乳喂养相关知识的健康教育、建立母婴同室及母乳库等,促进母婴健康,提高母乳喂养率.

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of breastfeeding in neo- natal intensive care unit （NICU）, and to provide some suggestions to improve breastfeeding rate. Methods 255 parents of NICU patients in our hospital were randomly selected as the subjects. The questionnaire survey was used to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of breastfeeding. Results The pure breastfeeding rate was 16.9%, the mixed feeding rate was 47.8% , and the total artificial feeding rate was 35.3%. Conclusion The overall level of breastfeeding in NICU was low. The Single Factor Analysis showed that factors such as family income, whether or not natural childbirth, maternal sleep time, number of visits, whether or not hanving breastfeeding experience and mother＇s emotional changes were factors affecting breastfeeding. The Multi-Logistic Regression Analysis showed that the maternal sleep time and family income were the most important factors affecting breastfeeding. Therefore, medical staff should strengthen publicizing breastfeeding knowledge and health education to parents of NICU patients, same time, through direct rooming-in, breast milk bank and other external conditions to improve the breastfeed- ing rate.