墨家、道家的流变及其与道教的联系

The change of Mohist School and Taoism and its connection with Taoism

从战国一直到西汉,墨、道、神仙三家各自归属明确,彼此之间互不关联。而随着早期道教人物的出现与道教组织的兴起,墨、道、神仙三家界限分明的状况被逐步打破。东汉末年,道家首先与神仙家合流,二者渐次并为道教。此时,墨家学派的部分技术、思想与这一团体的组织形式亦被早期道教组织所借用,原彼此无涉的墨、道两家开始产生相应关联。到东晋时,墨子被葛洪神化为地仙,正式融入进道教,成为道教人物。墨家、道家、道教三者之间的总体关系以东汉末期为界点,呈现出由分离到逐渐融合的发展状态。三家融合最终于东晋葛洪之后完成,表现为道教兼收墨、道两家。

From the Warring States period to the Western Han Dynasty,Immortals, Mohist, Taoism, the three schools belong to each otherclearly, not related to each other.With the emergence of the early Taoist characters and the rise of the Taoist organization, the situation of this kindof boundary is broken gradually.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism was first combined with the immortals, and the two became taoism.At this time, some of the Mohist School of technology, thought and the organization of this group are also used by the early Taoist organizations,Mohist and Taoism have begun to produce a corresponding relationship.To the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Mo-tse was deified as immortals by Ge Hong,formally become the Taoist figures.