鲁东地区冬小麦水肥高效利用综合技术研究

High Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer in Winter Wheat Cultivation in Eastern Shandong

为了明确鲁东地区节水生产灌溉制度和节水晚播条件下的高产适宜用氮量,本试验在大田条件下采用5因素4水平正交优化设计研究了品种、灌水模式、播期、播量、氮肥用量对不同冬小麦产量及产量结构的影响。结果表明:品种、播期、播量3个因素对小麦籽粒产量影响较明显,灌水模式及氮肥用量影响次之。‘烟0428’产量最高,达9324.3 kg/hm^2;其次为‘烟农21’,籽粒产量高达9142.8 kg/hm^2,表明‘烟0428’和‘烟农21’为抗旱节水节肥品种。灌3水处理(拔节水、开花水、灌浆水)和灌1水处理(拨节水)产量较高,差异不显著,说明适合鲁东地区节水生产的最优灌溉制度是灌1水即拔节水。播量与播期有机结合,适应鲁东地区气候变化和节水需要的晚播适期范围为10月6—8日,适宜播量范围为127.5~165 kg/hm^2。

To clarify the water saving irrigation system and the suitable nitrogen application amount under the condition of water saving and late sowing,effects of variety,irrigation pattern,sowing date,sowing quantity,nitrogen application amount on yield and yield structure of winter wheat were studied by using 5 factors and 4 levels orthogonal optimization design under field condition.The results showed that：variety,sowing date and sowing quantity had significant effects on grain yield of wheat,irrigation pattern and the nitrogen application amount came the second.The yield of‘Yan 0428’was 9324.3 kg/hm^2 which was the highest,the second was ‘Yannong21’,whose grain yield was 9142.8 kg/hm^2.The results showed that‘Yan 0428’and‘Yannong 21’were drought resistant and water-fertilizer saving varieties.The yield of the third treatment（jointing irrigation,flowering irrigation,filling irrigation）and the first treatment（jointing stage irrigation）was higher and had no significant difference,indicating that the optimal irrigation system suitable for water saving production in east Shandong was the first treatment（jointing stage irrigation）.Therefore,the suitable sowing date adapting to climate change in east Shandong and water saving was October 6th-18th,the range of suitable sowing quantity was 127.5-165 kg/hm^2.