高产夏玉米‘浚单29’产量性能分析及增产途径研究

Yield Capability Analysis and Yield Increase Approach of High-yield Summer Maize ‘Xundan 29'

为了明确不同栽培技术对高产夏玉米‘浚单29’产量性能的调控效应,进一步挖掘‘浚单29’高产潜力的技术途径,以‘浚单29’为试验材料,于2013—2015年连续3年在河南鹤壁设置种植密度与不同生产水平的田间比较试验。试验结果表明:玉米生长期间光照及气温对‘浚单29’生长产生了显著影响,苗期低温寡照导致‘浚单29’生育期的延长;散粉期高温或阴雨影响着授粉,灌浆期高温少雨或低温阴雨均导致玉米千粒重下降,最终导致产量的下降。随密度增加,‘浚单29’产量、叶面积指数、实收穗数均增加,穗粒数、千粒重降低。适当增加‘浚单29’种植密度可增加叶面积指数、生育天数及穗粒数,有利于产量的提高。试验表明,‘浚单29’生育期天数为108天、有效穗数71000株/hm^2、单穗粒数为580粒、千粒重为297 g,可以实现12000 kg/hm^2以上产量水平。

The aims are to understand the regulating effect of different cultivation techniques on the yield capability of high-yield summer maize‘Xundan 29’and find out technical approaches for its higher yield potential.‘Xundan 29’was used as material.A field comparison experiment with different planting densities and production levels was set up for 3 years from 2013 to 2015 in Hebi,Henan Province.The results showed that light and temperature affected the growth of‘Xundan 29’significantly during the growth.Low temperature and little sunbeam prolonged the growth period at the seedling stage.The pollination was directly affected by high temperature or rain during corn pollen-shedding.High temperature with less rain or low temperature with rain decreased thousand kernel weight during the filling stage,eventually resulted in a decline of yield.As the density increasing,yield,leaf area index and ears increased,while grain per spike and thousand kernel weight decreased.The density increase could increase the leaf area index,growth days and grain per spike.The conclusion was that the yield of‘Xundan 29’could reach 12000 kg/hm^2or above with growth days of 108 d,effective spikes of 71000 plants/hm^2,grains per spike of 580 and 1000-grain weight of 297 g.