2014年一次强降温天气对杏扁的冻害过程分析及防御建议

A Strong Cooling Process in 2014: Effect on Freeze Injury of Apricots and Countermeasures

2014年5月3—5日,张家口杏扁种植区出现了严重的霜冻害,笔者应用实时MICAPS气象资料和地面观测资料,对本次天气过程进行了天气成因、前期气候背景、预报经验指标分析,发现高低空强烈的冷平流为霜冻发生提供了基本的平流降温条件;连续的冷平流作用和强烈发展并稳定维持在张家口北侧的东北低压,是造成这次低温霜冻持续时间长的关键系统;霜冻发生前出现的降水是这次杏扁冻害造成严重损失的主要原因。准确的天气预报是杏扁冻害防御的重要基础,霜冻预报经验指标可以为杏扁的冻害防御工作提供理论参考。

A serious frost damage occurred in the apricot planting region of Zhangjiakou from May 3 to 5,2014.By using the real-time MICAPS data and ground observation data,the authors analyzed the weather cause,early climate background and forecast experience index of this weather process,and found that：the strong high and low altitudes cold-air advection provided the basic advection temperature drop condition for the frost damage;the continuous cold advection functions and rapidly developed northeast low pressure which was stably maintained in the north of Zhangjiakou formed the key system for the long lasting time of this low temperature frost damage;the precipitation prior to the frost event was the main reason for the serious freeze injury of apricots.In conclusion,the accurate weather forecast is an important foundation for preventing the freeze injury of apricots and the frost forecast experience index can play a reference role in this.