某医学院校贫困新生心理健康状况及影响因素分析

Mental health status and the influencing factors in medical college freshmen from povertystricken families

目的:了解某医学院校贫困新生的心理健康状况及主要的影响因素,为该群体的心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法:选择某医学院新生,采用症状自评量表、特质应对方式量表、社会支持评定量表和自制问卷进行研究。结果:共调查219名贫困新生和460名非贫困新生,贫困新生心理健康问题的阳性率(33.78%)高于非贫困新生(12.39%);贫困新生除躯体化和其他两项因子以外,其余8项因子得分均高于非贫困新生(P<0.05);社会支持的3项因子比较,贫困新生的主观支持和客观支持两因子的得分低于非贫困新生(P<0.05),多因素分析显示:大学生活不适应、不被同学理解、家庭所在地为城镇、消极应对是影响贫困生心理健康的危险因素。结论:该校贫困新生的心理健康问题不容忽视,应针对影响心理健康的主要因素加强健康教育工作。

Objective：To investigate the mental health status in freshmen in a medical college from poverty-stricken families and the factors affecting the mental health status for evidence to plan mental health education for this student group.Methods ： A survey was performed in the freshmen in a medical col- lege by using symptom checklist-90 （ SCL-90）, trait coping style questionnaire, social supporting rating scale and self-programmed scale questionnaire. Results ：A total of 219 freshmen from poverty-stricken families and 460 students from average families completed the survey.Positive rate was 33.78% in freshmen from poverty-stricken families and 12.39% in those from average families.The freshmen had higher scores on the 8 components than their counterparts except for scoring on the somatization and two other elements （P〈0.05）. By comparison of the three components on the social support, students from poverty-stricken families scored lower than those from average families by subjective and objective supports（ P〈0.05.Multiple factor analysis indicated that the risk factors in freshmen from poverty-stricken families were associated with inability to adapt themselves to the college life,failure being understood by classmates, birthplaces in atownships and negative coping strategy.Conclusion：The mental health in freshmen from poverty-stricken families in the medical college can not be overlooked, and mental health education should be targeted at the factors affecting the mental health.