矿山废弃地植物种植模式对土壤改良效果

Soil Improvement Effects of Planting Patterns on Mining Abandoned Lands on the Loess Plateau

为探讨不同植物种植模式对矿山废弃地土壤肥力快速改良的效果,选取8种典型的植物种植模式(黑麦草、草木樨、沙打旺、小冠花、紫穗槐、紫穗槐+小冠花、紫穗槐+黑麦草和草木樨+黑麦草)。通过野外土壤采样与室内养分测定并结合主成分分析方法,对不同植物及种植模式下的土壤肥力进行了相关分析。结果表明:不同种植模式均能较好的改善土壤水分状况,土壤含水率平均值比对照高8.7%;不同种植模式下土壤含水率随着土层深度的增加,总体呈增加—减少—增加—稳定的变化趋势;植物对土壤蓄水保水效果的改良主要体现在0—40cm的土层;土壤中的各养分指标质量分数总体表现为0—10cm土层大于10—20cm土层,呈现出一定的表聚效应;植物生长初期,不同种植模式对矿山废弃地土壤的改良效果依次为沙打旺>草木樨>黑麦草>草木樨+黑麦草>紫穗槐+小冠花>紫穗槐+黑麦草>紫穗槐>小冠花,单播种植模式相对优于混播种植模式。研究结果可为今后矿山废弃地重构土壤的水分变化研究、优良种植模式选择及土壤肥力的快速改良提供参考。

In order to study the effects of different plant cultivation patterns on soil fertility of mining abandoned lands,eight typical plant cultivation patterns were selected in this paper（Lolium perenne L.,Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.,Astragalus adsurgens,Coronilla varia L.,Amorpha fruticosa Linn.,Amorpha fruticosa Linn.＋ Coronilla varia L.,Amorpha fruticosa Linn.＋ Lolium perenne L.,and Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.＋ Lolium perenne L.）.Soil fertility of different plants and planting patterns were analyzed by soil sample collection,lab analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that different planting patterns could improve soil water conditions,the average soil water content was 8.7% higher than that of the control.With the increase of soil depth,soil water content under different planting modes showed an increase-decrease-increase-stable development trend.The improvement effect of plants on soil water retaining was mainly reflected in the 0-40 cm soil layer.The total quality score of each nutrient in the soil was larger in the 0-10 cm than the 10-20 cm soil layer,which showed a certain aggregation effect.In the early stage of plant growth,the effects of different planting patterns in the soil of mining abandoned land followed the order of Astragalus adsurgens Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. Lolium perenne L. 〉Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.＋〉Lolium perenne L. 〉Amorpha fruticosa Linn.＋〉Coronilla varia L. Amorpha fruticosa Linn.＋ Lolium perenne L. Amorpha fruticosa Linn. Coronilla varia L.Unicast planting patterns were better than mixed cropping patterns.The results can provide a reference for the study of soil moisture change,the selection of good planting patterns,and the rapid improvement of soil fertility in the future.