温州市美沙酮维持治疗患者生存质量及影响因素研究

A study on quality of life and its influencing factors of drug addicts with methadone maintenance treatment in Wenzhou

目的分析温州市美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)患者的生存质量状况及其影响因素,为制定提高MMT患者生存质量的卫生服务措施提供依据。方法采用药物成瘾者生存质量评定量表(QOL-DA)及自制问卷对温州市199例MMT患者进行生存质量评价,采用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果 MMT患者以本地中年男性为主,文化程度偏低,初中及以下文化程度占80.40%;毒品类型以海洛因等传统毒品为主(82.91%),多采用静脉注射方式(69.35%),78.39%毒龄在10年以上,95.48%经历过多次戒毒,61.81%自我报告患有吸毒相关疾病。MMT患者躯体功能、心理功能、戒断症状及毒副反应、社会功能4个维度得分分别为(32.96±6.75)、(33.03±5.96)、(47.61±8.51)和(38.42±6.86)分,生存质量评价总分为(152.01±23.55)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,未婚、无业、首次吸毒年龄低、毒龄长及患有吸毒相关疾病是影响MMT患者生存质量的危险因素。结论未婚、无业、首次吸毒年龄低、毒龄长及患有吸毒相关疾病是MMT患者生存质量低的影响因素。

Objective To analyze the quality of life status and its influencing factors of drug addicts with methadone maintenance treatment （MMT） in Wenzhou, in order to provide a basis for developing health service measures to improve their quality of life. Methods A total of 199 drug addicts with MMT in Wenzhou were investigated by the Quality of Life for Drug Addicts （QOL-DA） and Self-made questionnaire, influencing factors on quality of life were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results Most of 199 drug addicts with MMT were male, middle aged, local residents, lower educational level, and unemployed. Most of them used traditional drugs such as heroin by intravenous injection, and the proportion of who continually used drugs more than 10 years was 78.39%. The majority of them had abandoned drug habits many times. The proportions of abandoning drug habits more than 12 months this time and self-reported involving drug abuse related diseases were 77.39%, 61.81%, respectively. Scores of physical function and hunger sensory （PH） , psychological spirit and self-esteem （PS） , withdrawal syndrome and toxic effects （ST） , social support and operational capability （SO） were 32.96 ± 6.75, 33.03 ± 5.96, 47.61 ± 8.51 and 38.42± 6.86, respectively. The total score of QOL-DA was 152.01 ± 23.55. Marital status, occupation, age of first using drug, time of drug use and drug abuse related diseases were its influencing factors. Conclusion The quality of life of drug addicts with MMT is lower. Comprehensive health service measures for influencing factors should be taken to improve their quality of life.