影像发声法的设计思路及在心理学中的应用

Research Design and Application of Photovoice Approach

作为一种行动研究方法,影像发声法通过组织行动者拍摄特定主题的照片,对照片进行小组讨论,思考问题成因和对策,来促进个体和社会的改变。影像发声法的实施包括五步:确定目标与主题、招募被试、拍摄前准备、照相和讨论活动、结果分析。该方法具有转换看待问题视角、提高参与者的积极性、以视觉图像为工具和便于弱势群体发声的优势,但它缺乏客观评估体系,成本较高,研究费时,容易涉及伦理问题。今后的研究可结合影像发声法和心理学干预实验,兼用质化和量化证据进行研究效果评估。

As an action research methodology, photovoice approach aims to promote personal and societal change by or- ganizing participants to take photographs regarding a salient personal or societal concern, share these photos in dis- cussion groups, and reflect on the causes and cures for the issue. Implementing photovoice methodology involves five steps, namely, identification of the goals and themes, participant recruitment, training and instruction, photogra- phy and discussion, and data analysis. The advantages of photovoice methodology might comprise of the shift in re- search perspective from researchers toward participants, the enhancement of participants＇ motivation, the utilization of visual images as a tool, and the opportunity for disadvantaged groups to have a voice. Likewise, the weaknesses of this approach may lie in lack of standard evaluation system, substantial cost, long duration, and ethical issues. To address these issues, researchers have put forward several solutions. Specifically, it is recommended to combine photovoice methodology with psychological intervention experiments whereby the effectiveness on photovoice research can be evaluated based on both qualitative and quantitative evidence.