英国城市大学文科发展的特点与原因分析

Characteristics and Causes Analysis of the Development of Arts in British Civic University

英国城市大学从早期阶段开始,就一直以社会需求作为办学的指导原则之一。在其100多年的历史进程中,英国城市大学在注重工科和理科发展的同时,也一直重视文科的发展。英国城市大学早期阶段文科发展有5个特点,即文科是学校科目的重要组成部分、文科学生数量不少、文科中女生比例较高、文科受欢迎的程度不亚于应用学科、文科发展的领域狭窄以及文科的研究尚未展开。早期文科发展特点形成的主要原因是社会需要、大学理念的影响以及文科领域科研未受到重视等。现阶段英国城市大学文科发展的特点主要表现有三:其一,城市大学的文科系部和学科建设有了长足的发展;其二,文科学生规模依然占相当大的比例;其三,建立了人文和社会科学研究机构,不断开拓新的研究领域。英国城市大学现阶段文科发展特点的形成,除了社会需要、大学理念的影响之外,加强文科领域研究不仅是现代城市大学的必然选择,亦是其持续发展的重要原因。英国城市大学文科发展的经验对我国地方应用型本科院校发展的战略选择具有重要启示作用,即文科也具有"应用性",也有社会(市场)需求,办好文科既可满足社会的需求,也可满足大学自身发展的需要,不能一谈到"应用性",满脑子就只想到工科、商科等所谓的"应用性"强的学科。

Since the early period,the British civic universities have developed based on the principle of the social needs. Not only the subjects concerning with industry and science,but also the subjects of arts,were paid attention to. The characteristics of the development of arts in the early period were the subjects of arts being an important part of subjects of these universities,quite a large numbers of art students,the high ratio of women student,the arts being as popular as the applied subjects,narrow development of arts and not yet being conducted research concerning arts. The reasons for these were that the social needs and the ideas of university played an important role,and that research on the arts was not concerned at that time. At present,the characteristics of the development of arts in British civic universities are that the faculties and departments are systematically formed,that the number of arts students is very large,and that the humanity and social science research institutions have been established,and new research fields have been constantly innovated. Characteristics of the development of arts in British civic universities are affected by the social needs and idea of university. In addition,to enhance the humanity study is not only the necessary choice for the British civic universities but also the important reason for the constant development. The experiences of the development of arts in British civic universities have enlightenment on the strategic choices by the provincial universities in China. That is,the humanity has the applied function and social market needs,and to run the humanity well can meet the needs of the society and the self-development of universities. People should not think of the natural sciences subject which seems to have more applied function when referring to the application. On the contrary,the humanity also has the feature of application.