水稻亚种间强优新组合生物学特性及利用价值

Biological characteristics and utilization of new combinations in inter-subspecific crosses of rice

将中粳不育系春江23A与6个籼型恢复系进行配组,对6个组合的农艺性状和稻米品质等生物学特性进行分析。结果表明,播始历期均明显短于对照两优培九,株高、穗长和有效穗数均低于对照,每穗实粒数和单株产量均高于对照。程式指数测定结果表明,6份恢复系均属于偏籼型。分子标记筛选结果表明,6份恢复系中,除Hm9175外,均含有广亲和基因。稻米品质测定结果表明,春江23A/Hm9169和春江23A/Hm9179具有较好的外观品质,直链淀粉含量均与对照相当,无显著差异。通过粳型不育系与含广亲和基因的偏籼型恢复系配组,发挥其亚种间强杂种优势,可以显著增产,但稻米品质有待进一步改良。

With utilization of the subspecies heterosis,the mid-japonica CMS line Chunjiang23 A were crossed with six newly developed indica restorers and the biological characteristics such as agronomic traits and grain quality of the six combinations were investigated.The results showed that the duration from sowing to heading of the six hybrid combinations were significantly shorter than the control（CK） Liangyoupeijiu,and the plant height,the panicle length and the panicle number per plant were lower or less than CK,whereas the grain number per panicle and yield per plant were higher than CK.Identification of Cheng＇s indexes indicated that the six restorers belonged to the indicalinous.The results of molecular marker screening showed that five restorer lines had S5-n gene except the line Hm9175.The investigation of the grain quality showed that the combinations of Chunjiang23A/Hm9169 and Chunjiang23A/Hm9179 had better appearance qualities compared with the CK,and the amylose content of all the combinations showed no significant differences compared with the CK.The combinations developed from japonica cytoplasmic male sterility line and the indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines showed strong hybrid subspecies heterosis and the grain yield increased obviously.However,the grain quality of the indica-japonica rice was still to be upgraded and improved.