第31届奥运会田径项目竞争格局及中国田径队竞赛成绩特征

Competitive pattern of athletic events in the 31st Olympic Games and the performance characteristics of Chinese athletic team

通过文献资料法、归纳比较分析法和数理统计法对第31届里约奥运会田径项目比赛结果进行分析,对金牌的地域分布和洲际实力进行比较。本届奥运会田径项目整体竞赛水平较高;田径项目奖牌榜发生较大变动;当今田坛主要呈现以美国为超级强国,牙买加和肯尼亚等国家为田径强国的"一超多强"的格局;金牌分布的"地域化"特征明显:北美洲优势明显,欧洲和非洲竞争激烈,亚洲和南美洲稳中有升,大洋洲实力滑坡。中国代表队取得2金2银2铜的历史最佳成绩,传统优势项目竞走和女子投掷继续稳定发挥,男子跑跳项目也有明显进步,进入奥运会田径项目前八名的数量也有明显增加,但中长跑项目整体水平一般,期待继续提高。在当今世界田坛竞争格局下,我国需要继续提升传统项目的竞技实力和寻找新的"增金点",做好各项目的人才培养和选拔,形成项目的集团优势,同时对我国中长跑项目给予支持,促进中长跑竞竞赛成绩的提高。

Through analysis ol the results ol the 31st Rio Olympic Games Athletic projects, the geographical distribution ol the gold medal and the intercontinental strength were compared by means ol literature,comparative analysis and mathematical statistics methods. The results show that the overall competition level ol the Olympic Games athletic events is higher; the medal table has undergone great changes,which is characterized by the United States being a super power,Jamaica and Kenya being power; the gold distribution has obvious regional leatures：North America has obvious advantages,Europe and Alrica compete intensely,Asia and South America rise steadily,while Oceania strength slide. In the 31st Olympic Athletics projects, the Chinese team won 2 golds, 2 silvers and 2 coppers, which was the best results in history and it shows that China＇ s athletics has made great progress in recent years. Chinese traditional advantage events such as race walking and women throwing continue to play steadily, and men ＇s jumping event has also made signilicant progress,more and more athletes ranking the top 8 in the Olympics; nevertheless, middle- and long-distance running events are not satislactory.In today＇ s athletic pattern, China needs to seek lor new potential gold medal event while continuing to improve the traditional events, accomplish personnel training and selection, lorm group advantages, and at the same time give more support lor middle - and long - distance running events.