湖北省农村中老年人的机构养老意愿及其影响因素研究——基于计划行为理论的个人意志因素

The Willingness of Aging for the Aged in the Countryside of Hubei Province and its Subjective Factors

随着"空心化"现象的加剧、传统家庭养老功能的弱化,我国农村养老形势越来越严峻。机构养老将是我国养老模式发展的必然趋势。本文以深入湖北省农村入户采访所得的微观数据为基础,采用Logit二元回归模型,利用SPSS 19.0软件分析了农村中老年人的机构养老意愿及其影响因素。结果表明:湖北省农村中老年人选择机构养老的意愿很低,仅为10.34%。基于计划行为理论分析其个人意志视角的影响因素得出,湖北省农村中老年人机构养老意愿的影响因素主要是:行为态度因素中浓厚的传统孝道观念、对养老机构伙食的认知;主观规范因素中子女和邻居的态度;知觉行为控制因素中对养老机构收费的承担难度。依据分析提出,要提高农村中老年人的机构养老意愿,缓解农村严峻的养老形势,应从稀释农村中老年人的传统孝道观念、加快当地经济发展、修正其对养老机构认知等角度入手。

With the aggravation of ＂ hollowing out＂ phenomenon and the weakening of the function of traditional family pension,the situation of old-age support in rural areas in our country is more and more serious.Based on the microscopic data obtained from rural household interviews in Hubei Province,this paper uses the Logit binary regression model and SPSS19.0software to analyze the willingness of nursing home pension and its factors of the middle aged and elderly people in the rural areas.The results showed that the willingness is very low,only 10.34%.Based on the theory of planned behavior,the author analyzes the influencing factors of the individual＇s will perspective.The influencing factors of the willingness of the elderly in rural areas of Hubei Province are：the traditional concept of filial piety in the behavioral attitude factor,the cognition of the food;attitude of children and neighbors in the subjective norms factors;the difficulty to bear the pension agencies in the perceived behavior control factors.According to the analysis,it is necessary to improve the willingness of the elderly in rural areas to alleviate the serious old-age situation in rural areas.We should start from diluting the traditional filial concept of the middle-aged and old-aged rural areas,speeding up the local economic development and revising their cognition.