我国分时度假权属定位分析

Analyzing the Positioning of Our Timeshare Attribute

分时度假是结合分时与交换概念的新型旅游消费品,对其上衍生的分时度假权益权属性质的界定,我国学术界提出所有权说、他物权说、准物权说、债权说的观点,司法实践中则以债权说为主流。但是,分时度假权益本身具有异于债权的权利特质,体现了一定的物权效力,尽管分时度假制度设计的"分时"特点及处分权的限制削弱了权利自身的绝对性和排他性,但从物权之对抗性、流通性、稳定性因素来分析,应该将分时度假权益归入物权体系进行调整。一方面,分时度假权益具有促进物的有效利用、保障利益平衡、维护物的利用秩序的存在价值,且分时度假的法律特征、内容与用益物权相吻合;另一方面,分时度假权益的期限性、权利主体的多元性、权利构成的复合性,以及主体对标的的不完全处分的特性,有悖于传统用益物权,故将其视为一种特殊用益物权更为妥当。

Timeshare is a new type of tourism consumption based on sharing time and exchanging rights, andthe definition on its attribute and ownership derives from the theories concerning ownership of property right,other property right, quasi-property right and debt right, and among them debt theory seizes the major in judi-cial practice. However, the right of timeshare differs from the attributes of debt, with certain characteristics ofproperty right, though the nature of 'sharing time' and the restriction of disposition right decrease its absoluteand exclusive attributes, so in the view of antagonism, circulation and stability, we should introduce the rightof timeshare into property rights and adjust them. On the one hand, timeshare can promote the effective availa-bility of property, balancing the interests and rights and maintaining the use value in order, gearing its legalcharacteristics and contents into usufruct; on the other hand, the timeshare is more appropriate to be treated asa type of special usufruct, for its difference from traditional usufruct, its limit, the pluralism of right subject,complicated constitution of rights, as well as the incomplete punishment of target subject.