利用红外相机监测荒漠林鼠类及天敌活动规律研究

Law of Monitoring the Activities of Rodents and its Natural Enemies in Desert Forest by Using Infrared Camera

为确切掌握荒漠林区主要害鼠大沙鼠的活动、为害规律及其天敌活动规律,查明荒漠梭梭林枝条啮食危害的具体种类,用红外相机对新疆昌吉州辖区荒漠林害鼠及其天敌的活动进行24h间隔记录。结果表明:大沙鼠在一年中有2个活动高峰(春季在2—4月,秋季在9—10月底);不同季节的日活动高峰不同,活动高峰期间每天出现的3个高峰分别为8:00—9:00,10:00—12:00和17:00—19:00,大沙鼠为昼行鼠,是梭梭林的危害鼠种。子午沙鼠为夜行鼠,9月—10月底活动频繁。鼠类主要兽类天敌是赤狐和虎鼬,出现在2月—3月底;鸟类天敌是鵟,集中在3月—6月底活动。大沙鼠活动主要在春秋两季较频繁,不同季节日活动高峰不同。

In order to exactly understand activities of Rhombomys opimus ,damage law and the law of activities of natural enemy in desert forest region, proven the specific species harmfulness by biting damaged branches of Cype-rns rotundus. Rodent pests and its natural enemies in desert forest in Changji Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autono-mous Region were recorded at intervals. Result shows that Rhombomys opimus have two active peaks in a year （spring peak being from February to April） Autumn peak being from September to the end of October） ;the daily ac-tivity peak in different seasons are various, three peaks in the very day is respectively 8： 00-9：00,10：00-12：00, 17：00-19 ： 00. Rhombomys opimus 〉 being diurnal rat, damaged Cyperus rotundus ／ Meriones meridianus , being nocturnal rate,whose activities are more frequent from September to the end of October;the natural enemy of ana- galidans for rat is Vulpes vulpes 〉 Vormela peregusna 〉concentrated from February to the end of March;the natural enemy of raptor is concentrated from March to the end of June, it can clearly be seen that the activities ofRhombomys opimus is mainly at Spring and Autumn frequently, and the daily-activity peak is different at different seasons.