旅游民宿业发展与农村剩余劳动力就地转移的互动状况研究——基于相关文献的整合与探讨

Study of Interaction Status between the Homestay Development and Local Transfer of the Rural Surplus Labor Force——Based on the Literature Integration and Discussion

以旅游民宿业发展和农村剩余劳动力就地转移相互促进的"积极作用"和"现实困境"为框架,系统梳理了现有研究文献及其主要观点。结果表明:(1)民宿业就业包容性好、就业门槛低、产业关联度高、劳动力转移难度小等特点,决定了它能够有效吸引农村剩余劳动力就业,农村剩余劳动力用工成本低、地缘优势、家乡情结等特点,决定了它能够满足民宿业发展所需要的人力资源及其成本控制;(2)当前民宿业发展中存在的外来资本主导、政府政策不到位、季节性用工需求、产品同质化且品质较低等现实问题,导致其无法很好地吸纳农村剩余劳动力,农村剩余劳动力结构失衡、素质偏低、思想观念陈旧、经营管理水平较低、法律意识淡薄等特点,决定了其难以促进民宿业的长远发展;(3)经营或参与民宿业的当地农民、外来的民宿项目投资企业、政府相关部门应从不同方面做出努力,来促进民宿业发展与农村剩余劳动力就地转移的良性互动。

Based on the mutual improvement frame between the homestay industry development and the rural surplus labor force ＂active role＂ and ＂real dilemma＂ , this study combed the existing literature and its main view systematically. The results show that： （ 1 ） for homestay industry, it has higher employment inclusiveness, lower employment threshold, and higher industry correlation, especially, that＇ s easier to transfer labor force la＇ansfer etc. It＇ s obvious that homestay development can attract the rural surplus labor force effectively. For rural surplus labor force, it has a great geographical advantage and home complex, and the labor cost is low, meanwhile, it can meet the needs of the human resources and cost control; （ 2 ） the current development of the homestay industry has a series of problems, dominated foreign capital, misplaced government policy, the seasonal demand for labor, homogeneous and low quality products etc. All above obstruct absorbing the labor force. However, when it comes to rural surplus labor force, unbalanced structure, low population quality, old-fashioned idea, insufficient management skills and weak legal awareness. It might be hard to promote the further development of homestay industry; （ 3 ） the local farmers who operate or participate in the homestay industry, the enterprises that invest homestay projects as well as the relevant government deparmaents should make efforts together, to achieve the good interaction of the homestay industry development and the local transfer of rural surplus labor.