论危险接受的处理模式

The Handling Mode of “Assumption of Risk”

现有的危险接受处理模式均无法逻辑圆满地处理危险接受的问题。处理危险接受,应当依据"二阶层式处理模型",将行为人对危害结果的支配作为归责的积极性、前提性条件,将被害人对利益不存在有效的自我决定作为对行为人进行归责的消极性、后置性条件。根据行为人对危险结果是否有支配,危险接受可以被分为"自己危险化的参与"与"基于合意的他者危险化"两种类型。在"自己危险化的参与"的情况下,行为人对危险结果无支配,行为人不负刑事责任。在"基于合意的他者危险化"的情况下,若涉及的是生命以及关乎自由意志延续的身体利益之外的利益,行为人行为的构成要件符合性被阻却。否则,不能排除对行为人的归责,但应当在量刑时从宽处罚。

The current handling modes can not logically resolve ＂ assumption of risk ＂. ＂Assumption of risk＂ should be handled via ＂two steps handling mode＂, regarding the offender uniquely dominating the occurrence of the harmful result as a positive and premised condition of liability and regarding the victim not having an effective self-determination as a negative and rear condition of liability. According to whether the offender uniquely dominates the concurrence of the harmful result, ＂assumption of risk＂ can be classified into two categories： ＂seif-endangering＂ and ＂endangering someone else＂. In the cases of ＂self-endangering＂, as the offender does not dominate the concurrence of the harmful result, he does not have criminal liability. In the circumstances of ＂endangering someone others＂, if it does not involve people＇s life or body interest involved the exsitence of free will, the ＂ Tatbestandsmal3igkeit＂ of offender＇s action will be denied. Otherwise, the criminal liability of offender can not be denied, but the punishment should be alleviated.