猪苓与蜜环菌化学成分研究的相关分析进展

Correlative analysis advance of chemical constituents of Polyporus umbellatus and Armillaria mellea

共生的猪苓Polyporus umbellatus与蜜环菌Armillaria mellea均为药食兼用真菌,具有降血糖、调节免疫、抑制肿瘤等多种生物活性。猪苓菌核经菌丝体发育而来,其生长过程与共生蜜环菌有关;受其侵染,猪苓菌丝体可形成菌核。该文通过分析猪苓菌丝体、菌核和蜜环菌的化学成分,发现三者均含有甾体和含氮杂环等化合物,且猪苓菌核与蜜环菌中还含有三萜类次生代谢产物。猪苓菌核及其菌丝体的甾体种类存在显著差异,但部分成分存在一定的相关性。此外,猪苓菌核还特有长链脂肪酸、酰胺和苯酚等多种化合物,推测这些可能是因蜜环菌入侵而形成的多种次生代谢产物;而蜜环菌自身主要产生倍半萜、二萜等物质。猪苓与蜜环菌的化合物含量、种类与其共生繁殖密切相关,目前尚需对二者的共生机制进行深入研究,为提高二者产量及质量提供科学依据。

Medicinal Polyporus umbellatus is the dry sclerotia of P. umbellatus, with the effect of diuresis ; Armillaria mellea is a par- asitic fungus which can infect plants up to 300 genera, with sedative, anticon^lsant and some other biological activities. As the medici- nal value of P. umbellatus and A. mellea is increasingly wide concerned, the market quantity demanded of them is gradually increased and the demand outstrips the supply. The symbiotic A. mellea and P. umbellatus are both the medicinal and edible fungi with diverse ac- tivities, including hypoglycemic action, improve immunity and antitumor and so on. The growth of the sclerotia forming from the mycelium of P. umbeUatus is related to the infection of the symbiotic A. meUea and their secondary products. In this study, by comparing the chem- ical constituents of the mycelium and sclerotia of P. umbellatus and A. mellea, we found that they all produced steroids and nitrogen-con- taining heterocycles. The sclerotia of P. umbellatus and A. mellea also produced triterpenes secondary metabolites. In addition, the my- celium and infected sclerotia of P. umbellatus mainly produced different steroids, and the sclerotia produced some other special secondary metabolites, such as long-chain fatty acids, ceramides, phenol and so on. By analyzing above all kinds of differences, speculated that these may be caused by the infection of the symbiotic A. mellea which mainly produced sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and other secondarymetabolites. The contents and types of compounds of P. umbellatus and A. mellea are closely related to their symbiosis and reproduction, therefore, many symbiosis mechanisms should be found by utilizing more molecular biology technology to elucidate this complex symbiotic infection and provide scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of P. umbellatus and A. mellea.