20世纪英国学校健康服务体系探析

The British School Health Service in the 20^(th) Century

20世纪初,英国社会要求国家对儿童承担抚养责任的"国家儿童观"逐步成为英国社会和政治领域内的重要共识。当布尔战争使英国学校儿童健康问题凸显时,英国政府相继通过一系列的教育立法和制度建设来构建英国学校健康服务体系,从而开展了学校供餐和学校医疗计划,并通过1944年《教育法》实现了全面的福利化。英国学校健康服务体系旨在为英国儿童能够充分接受义务教育提供健康保障,开启了前国民健康服务体系时代英国国民医疗照顾与救济的新模式。英国学校健康服务体系持续运行至1974年,有力地保障了英国学校儿童的健康和残障儿童受教育的权利,促进了儿童牙科医学的发展,同时也促进了英国儿童健康教育的社会化。

In the early 20^(th) century,the idea of'children of the nation'became a consensus in the sociopolitical strata in Britain,which required the nation to take the responsibility for the upbringing of British children.Hence,when the Boer War made children’s health in schools as a prominent issue,the British authority passed a series of laws and regulations to establish a health service system in schools.School meals and school medical services were implemented,and the Education Act was passed in 1944.This system not only provided the health foundation for the implementation of the compulsory education,but also brought new possibilities for a national healthcare and welfare system.Functioning until 1974,the system effectively ensured the health of British school children,protected the education rights of handicapped children,facilitated the development of the child dentistry,and promoted the popularization of the children health education.