猪苓与天麻共生蜜环菌类群的比较

A comparison of Armillaria spp. associated with Polyporus umbellatus and Gastrodia elata in China

猪苓和天麻都是传统中草药,具有很高的药用价值。它们的生长都离不开蜜环菌,蜜环菌可以为其生长提供营养。对于猪苓和天麻共生的蜜环菌种类是否有一定的异同,目前尚未有相应的报道。本研究在前期完成的从全国11个省份收集野生猪苓菌核,分离得到47株蜜环菌以及ITS、β-tubulin和elongation factor-1 alpha 3种序列的基础上,与文献报道的天麻共生蜜环菌的序列进行比较,并构建系统发育树,结果显示猪苓和天麻共生的蜜环菌共分为10个clade,其中和猪苓共生的蜜环菌有6个clade,和天麻共生的蜜环菌有7个clade,有3个clade的蜜环菌既可以和天麻共生,也可和猪苓共生。在这3个共同类群中,菌株来自于陕西、山西、吉林、黑龙江、贵州、甘肃、四川几个省份。西藏、云南等地的蜜环菌则具有较高的专一性。本研究从系统发育角度明确了猪苓和天麻共生蜜环菌的异同,该结果可为猪苓和天麻栽培过程中蜜环菌种类的选择提供一定的理论依据。

Polyporus umbellatus and Gastrodia elata are traditional Chinese herb medicine, having high medicinal value. Both P. umbellatus and G. elata depend on Armillaria spp. supplying necessary nutrition for their growth. Correlations between Armillaria and P. umbellatus, and Armillaria and G. elata are still imperfectly known. In this research, based on the collected sclerotial samples from 11 provinces in China, 47 Armillaria strains were isolated and their sequences of ITS, 13-tubulin and elongation factor-1 alpha gene were obtained. These sequences together with Armillaria sequences associated with G. elata reported in literature were compared. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that ten clades of Armillaria could be classified in tota and six and seven of them are associates with P. umbellatus and G. elata respectively. Three clades are shared by P. umbellatusand G. elata, and they mainly include the strains from Shaanxi, Shanxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Guizhou, Gansu and Sichuan. The strains from Yunnan and Tibet are of highly specificity. Our results elucidate the differences and similarities of Armillaria partners between P. umbellatus and cultivated G. elata through phylogenetic aspect, and provide important theoretical support for the selection of Armillaria species in cultivation of P. umbellatus and G. elata.