输电线路差异化防山火技术与策略

Differentiation Technology and Strategy of Wildfire Protection for Transmission Lines

针对输电线路山火灾害点多面广、引发故障影响因素多、对电网的安全稳定运行构成严重威胁的难题,分析了人为用火习俗、气象条件、植被类型等因素对山火分布的作用,阐述了地形参数、线路本体参数和山火形态等因素对输电线路山火跳闸的影响,分析了输电线路山火灾害脆弱性的差异。在此基础上,结合输电线路山火跳闸恢复时间,提出了1种定量化、精细化的输电线路山火灾害风险指标及计算方法。然后,从输电线路山火灾害防御与处置这2个方面分析了输电线路防山火措施的有效性与的适应性。研究结果表明:开展的逐基杆塔线路区段的输电线路山火灾害风险计算,揭示了输电线路山火跳闸风险差异特征;以某省电网1条±500 k V电压等级的直流输电线路为实例计算分析的输电线路1 300号—1 577号线路区段的山火跳闸风险,充分反映了输电线路山火灾害的分布规律及线路山火灾害的容灾抗灾能力;对计算得到的4个重点防山火线路区段采取了线下植被置换、配置灭火装备、安装分布式山火监测装置等有针对性的防治措施,验证了所提差异化防山火风险评价方法和指标的适用性和优势。所开展的输电线路差异化防山火技术研究,可为线路设计、运行维护等提供"有的放矢"的精细化信息指导。

Wildfires are dispersed over a broad and trips caused by wildfires impacted by many factors, which pose serious threat the safety and stability of the power grids. The effects of factors like anthrop, meteorological condition, and vegetation type on wildfire distribution were analyzed. The influences of topography, transmission line parameters, and wildfire morphological features on the wildfire withstand level of electric transmission line were expounded. Then differ- entiations of wildfire vulnerability for transmission lines were analyzed. By combining mean time with restoration of transmission line trips, the quantitative and refined indicators of wildfire risk for transmission line and its calculation method are proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of wildfire prevention measures for transmission lines are re- searched from the perspective of both disaster prevention and control. The results show that calculations of quantitative risk analysis of wildfire disaster of each tower segment revealed the differentiation of risk characteristics. A ＋500 kV DC transmission line in Hunan provincial power grid was taken as example. The quantitative risk analysis of wildfire disaster for the 1 300-1 577 segment were analyzed, which reflected actual distribution law of the risk of wildfire trips and disaster response capacity of transmission lines. The targeting control measures such as vegetation replacement, fire-fighting equipment configuration, distributed fire monitoring devices installation and so on were pursued for the four important sections.It is shown that the proposed method and indexes are valid and superior. Study of differentiation technology and strategy of wildfire protection for transmission lines can be used to provide refined and targeted information for the transmission line planning and operation maintenance and improve the efficiency of the prevention of wildfire.