上游垄断与制造业出口的比较优势——基于全球价值链视角的经验证据

Upstream Monopoly and Comparative Advantage of Manufacturing——Evidence from Global Value Chains

本文考察了上游垄断对制造业出口比较优势的影响,理论分析表明上游垄断会通过中间品价格和生产率渠道降低制造业行业出口的比较优势。在此基础上,本文采用中国工业企业数据库、《中国科技统计年鉴》和WIOD数据库的合并数据,以增加值视角测算的行业RCA指数、TC指数和MI指数作为行业出口比较优势的代理变量,实证检验了上游垄断对制造业行业出口比较优势的影响。实证结果表明,上游垄断程度的提高会显著降低制造业行业出口的比较优势;在控制了影响比较优势的其他因素和变量的内生性以及测算误差后,实证结论依然稳健。上游垄断会通过中间品价格和生产率渠道影响行业出口的比较优势。此外,政府补贴会加剧上游垄断的负向影响,而下游行业竞争程度的提高会抑制上游垄断对制造业行业出口比较优势的负向影响。因此,推动上游行业的市场化改革、打破上游市场垄断,对于中国构建外贸竞争新优势和供给侧改革具有重要的政策含义。

This paper study upstream monopoly＇ impact on the comparative advantage of manufacturing industry, Theoretical analysis shows that the upstream monopoly affects comparative advantage of manufacturing industry through intermediate input price and productivity. Based on the theoretical model, Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database, the China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology and WlOD Database, this paper calculates the RCA, TC and MI indexes based on value added trade and take them as proxy variable of industry＇s comparative advantage to empirically examine the effect of upstream monopoly on comparative advantage of manufacturing industry. The empirical results show that the upstream monopoly extent can reduce comparative advantage of manufacturing industry, and it remains robust after controlling other factors that influence international competitiveness, endogenous problem and measuring error. Upstream monopoly affects comparative advantage of manufacturing industry through the channels of intermediate input price and productivity. In addition, the increase of the downstream industry competition degree could suppress the upstream monopoly＇ negative impact of manufacturing industry, and government subsidies will aggravate the negative influence of upstream monopoly. Therefore, to promote the market-oriented reform and break the market monopoly of the upstream industry has important policy implications for China to build competitive advantage.