奈格里的生命政治生产及其与福柯思想的歧异

Antonio Negri's Production of Biopolitics and Its Difference from Michel Foucault's Relevant Thought

奈格里生命政治理论对资本主义现代性及其权力机制作了深刻的、独特的批判思考。奈格里主张存在论吸纳政治,任何政治都是生命政治,从而否定政治自主;奈格里强调非物质"生产"已是当代世界一种普遍的共同行动,无产者的大脑和身体在生产过程中抵抗资本主义统治。从"生命权力""生命的生产"和"主体性的生产"这三个方面可以展现奈格里的生命政治生产思想的特点和理论内涵。奈格里所说的"诸众",作为反抗帝国权力机器的新主体,是一个由欲望、语言、斗争实践以及理论思考等特征来刻画的、旨在政治解放的革命主体,并具有存在论的、生命政治的和经验的三重规定性,从而不同于马克思、恩格斯所说的肩负全人类解放使命的无产阶级。从奈格里与福柯思想五个方面的差异可知,奈格里是一位"新帝国论者"。

As an important part of contemporary Western philosophy of politics, Negri＇s theory of biopolitics makes a profound and unique critique of capitalist modernity and power mechanism. Negri advocates ontology to absorb politics, that any politics is biopolitics, thus denying its autonomy.He emphasizes that the non-material ＂production＂ is a universal and common action of the contemporary world, the proletarian＇s brain and body resist capitalist rule in the production process.This article outlines the characteristic and theoretical connotation of Nagri＇s thought of biopolitical production from three aspects of ＂biopower＂, ＂production of life＂ and ＂production of subjectivity＂, explaining that Negri＇s multitude, as a new subject resisting the imperial power machine, is a revolutionary subject characterized by desire, language, struggle practice and theoretical thinking, aiming at political emancipation, havingthe ontological, biopolitical and empirical determinations, thus different from Marx and Engels＇ so-called ＂the proletariat＂ who shoulders the mission of human liberation. Finally, the article discusses the main differences between Negri＇s theory of biopolitics and Foucault＇s relevant thought from five points, revealing the essence of Western marxism of his ＂new imperialism＂.