延安文学中的“医疗卫生叙事”

“Hygiene Narration” In Yan'an Literature

医疗卫生是重要的现代性事件,意味着疾病与健康超越个人性进入公共管理领域,从而在肉身层面上建立起个人与现代民族国家之间的关联性。因此,有着急切改造人和社会诉求的延安文学中,就存在一系列以医疗卫生事件为主体情节的文本,姑且称之为"医疗卫生叙事"。延安文学中不仅有专门以乡村"卫生现代性"为主题的文本,在其乡村叙事中还广泛存在"卫生现代性"的踪迹。与此同时,在以医疗卫生事件、西医医生为主体情节、主人公的文本中,西医的医学人文主义及其名副其实的现代知识身份,对于人性和启蒙话语空间的开拓还具有独特的意义。这也是为何丁玲要把《在医院中》的主人公设定为医学知识分子(助产士),而非自己更熟悉的、延安也更常见的文艺知识分子。借此,也可以揭示出这篇小说的另一种面貌。

＂Hygiene＂ is one of the most important events during the construction of a modern nation state, which signifies that the concepts of health and disease have gained their significance in the public field, reconfiguring the association between the individuality and the nation state. In Yan＇an literature aiming at reforming individuals and society, there exist many texts mainly illustrating ＂hygiene events＂, which can be temporarily named as ＂hygiene narration＂. The importance of ＂hygiene narration＂ can be found not only in the texts centered on the medical reformation of the rural area in Yah＇an literature, which reveals the developing of the hygiene modernization in rural China; but also in the texts depicting doctors who treat patients with Western medical methods, which embodies their identity as modern enlightenment intellectuals and their efforts in spreading values of humanity and Enlightenment. That＇s why Ding Ling chooses medical intellectuals as the protagonists of the short story In the Hospital, rather than literary intellectuals which seem more familiar to her. In this way, this essay tries to demonstrate another way of reading the short story.