论“审美理念”在康德美学中的作用--重构康德美学的一种可能

On the Function of Aesthetic Idea in Kant's Aesthetics

理念概念在康德美学中具有基础性的作用。理念是"对知性认识的统握能力",这种统握在鉴赏判断中具有核心作用,为了揭示这种作用,康德创造了"审美理念"这一概念。鉴赏判断是以审美理念为目的的反思判断,只有在审美理念这一康德美学的基石之上,康德美学的崇高论、美是道德的象征,以及审美理想和艺术观等理论才是可理解的。只有在审美理念这个概念上,才可以解决鉴赏判断的二律背反。所以我们可以把康德美学的中心,从对象的主观的合目的性的形式"移置"为"审美理念",把理性重新转入康德的鉴赏判断理论中,从而塑造出一个以"审美理念"为核心,而不是以"对象之表象的形式之合目的性"为核心的康德美学。

Kant created the concept of ＂aesthetic idea＂, the judgment of taste was the reflective judgment which was based on the ＂aesthetic idea＂, it could be use as the aim in judgment of taste. Just based on aesthetic idea, Kant＇s theory of sublime and the statement of ＂beauty is the symbol of morality＂ could be understood, so as Kant＇s theory of art. Accordingly, we can shift the core of Kant＇s aesthetic from the form of presentation to aesthetic idea.