宗庙与政治:武则天时期太庙体制研究

Temple and Politic: A Study on the System of the Imperial Family Temple in the Period of Wu Zetian

太庙作为中国古代都城内部承担国家祭祀功能的重要建筑空间,具有王朝建立与政权传承的象征意义。武则天改唐为周,常驻洛阳,为使洛阳具备完整的都城功能,她一方面提升洛阳为神都,另一方面开始对王朝的太庙体制进行调整。武则天时期太庙体制的调整,是以承认位于长安的李氏太庙所承载的李唐政权传承意义为前提的,因为她一直未取消李氏宗庙,仅以降低李氏宗庙规格、提高武氏宗庙规格,并在洛阳与长安均建立武氏太庙的方式显示周唐政权的更替,从而形成了武周时期特殊的"双太庙"体制。李氏宗庙的保留构成了李唐朝臣支持武氏政权的心理底线。武则天对太庙体制的调整与武周政局演变有着密切互动,并对后世产生了深远影响。

The Imperial Family Temple was an important space undertaking the function of national sacrifice in ancient capitals of China. It was a symbol of the establishing and inheriting of one state. Wu Zetian established the Zhou Dynasty, and regarded Luoyang as the capital. In order to improve the capital function of Luoyang, Wu Zetian promoted Luoyang as the God Capital, and adjusted the system of the Imperial Family Temple in the same time. Wu Zetian didn＇t demolish the Imperial Temple of family Li all through her dynasty, and established two Imperial Temples of Family Wu in Luoyang and Chang＇an. The system of Imperial Family Temple reflected the development of the political situation in the period of Wu Zetian, and had far-reaching influence to the future.